1. 2000 B.C. - A.D. 1689 Sources of Democratic Tradition

2. Overview Greek vs Roman Greek vs Roman Judaism Judaism Christianity Christianity Developments in England Developments in England

3. Greek or Roman? BRIEF History Poll: Greek vs Roman Poll: Greek vs Roman Both Greece and Rome begin to develop around 500 BC Both Greece and Rome begin to develop around 500 BC Greeks thrive between 500 BC - 133 BC Greeks thrive between 500 BC - 133 BC Rome emerges in 133 BC after their conquest of Asia Minor Rome emerges in 133 BC after their conquest of Asia Minor

4. Rome falls in the 400s AD after almost 200 years of peace during the Pax Romana Rome falls in the 400s AD after almost 200 years of peace during the Pax Romana Both the Greeks and Romans continue to develop their cultures and manage to exist beyond the fall of their empires Both the Greeks and Romans continue to develop their cultures and manage to exist beyond the fall of their empires Pay attention during the lecture for areas where you can see Roman or Greek influence in life today! Pay attention during the lecture for areas where you can see Roman or Greek influence in life today!

5. Political Greek Greek City-states (polis): political unit made up of a city and surrounding land City-states (polis): political unit made up of a city and surrounding land Sparta vs Athens Sparta vs Athens Athens: limited democracy (government by the people) Solon Athens: limited democracy (government by the people) Solon Alexander the Great Alexander the Great

6. Move to build empire starting in 270 BC (Julius and Augustus) Pax Romana Twelve Tables (law code) Checks and balances Roman Roman Republic: people choose some officials Republic: people choose some officials Senate: wealthy land owners Senate: wealthy land owners Lead by two consuls Lead by two consuls Dictator elected by senate in event of war Dictator elected by senate in event of war Tribunes: elected commoners to represent cities (veto power) Tribunes: elected commoners to represent cities (veto power)

7. Art Greek Greek Expansion throughout Mediterranean leads to trade of artwork Expansion throughout Mediterranean leads to trade of artwork Pottery Pottery Acropolis Acropolis Temples Temples Spread with Alexander the Great Spread with Alexander the Great Roman Developed based upon Greek arts Forum Pax Romana Roads, plumbing Colosseum

8. Religion Greek Greek Polytheistic Polytheistic Roman Starts polytheistic based upon Greek gods During Pax Romana adopts Christianity

9. Philosophy Greek Greek Sophists: moral and ethical truths were not opinions, but principles Sophists: moral and ethical truths were not opinions, but principles Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Reason as the guiding force for learning Reason as the guiding force for learning Reaching full potential to achieve the “good life” Reaching full potential to achieve the “good life” What is the good life? What is the good life? Roman Studied Greek philosophers Stoics: stressed duty; well-being of all people

10. Geography GREECE GREECE Water/Sea Water/Sea Mountains Mountains Few resources Few resources

11. ROME --wide variety of resources -sea/water ROME --wide variety of resources -sea/water

12. Greece/Rome Post-Lecture Quiz List three areas of life today where you see Greek or Roman influence. List three areas of life today where you see Greek or Roman influence.

13. BRIEF History of Judaism Known as Hebrews or Israelites Known as Hebrews or Israelites Abraham, Moses leads to Israel 1000 BC Abraham, Moses leads to Israel 1000 BC Conquered by Persians, Babylonians, Persians again, then the Romans Conquered by Persians, Babylonians, Persians again, then the Romans

14. Principles of Judaism Monotheistic Monotheistic Chosen people Chosen people The Torah The Torah Ten Commandments Ten Commandments

15. Scattering During the Roman expansion, a variety of sects/cults formed off of Judaism During the Roman expansion, a variety of sects/cults formed off of Judaism Example: Christianity Example: Christianity Many left their homeland during the Roman period to avoid persecution, but the area of modern day Israel remained the center of the Jewish religion and culture Many left their homeland during the Roman period to avoid persecution, but the area of modern day Israel remained the center of the Jewish religion and culture

16. Brief History of Christianity Arose during the Roman occupation of Israel among the commoners Arose during the Roman occupation of Israel among the commoners Followed Jesus and his apostles Followed Jesus and his apostles

17. After Jesus’ death the religion continued to spread West throughout the Mediterranean and into Europe (Paul of Tarsus) After Jesus’ death the religion continued to spread West throughout the Mediterranean and into Europe (Paul of Tarsus) People suffering under Roman rule appreciated the ideas of equality and love People suffering under Roman rule appreciated the ideas of equality and love

18. Medieval Church As the church developed it promoted education As the church developed it promoted education Greek philosophers posed a challenge to Christian scholars (reason to discover truths vs accepting ideas based on faith) Greek philosophers posed a challenge to Christian scholars (reason to discover truths vs accepting ideas based on faith) Thomas Aquinas -- examines Christian teachings in the light of reason; brings Christian faith and Greek philosophy closer together Thomas Aquinas -- examines Christian teachings in the light of reason; brings Christian faith and Greek philosophy closer together

19. Democratic Developments in England After fall of Rome chaos engulfs Europe After fall of Rome chaos engulfs Europe Germanic tribes from Northern Europe fight over the area and little villages throughout the countryside begin to form Germanic tribes from Northern Europe fight over the area and little villages throughout the countryside begin to form In order to protect their villages, neighbors buddy up and provide protection for one another In order to protect their villages, neighbors buddy up and provide protection for one another

20. Feudalism Pyramid PEASANTS KNIGHTS VASSALS LORDS KING

21. Political Structure 1. Villages control own area 1. Villages control own area Constant movement/invasions Constant movement/invasions 2. Buddy up to protect and leads to feudal system 2. Buddy up to protect and leads to feudal system 3. Strong monarchy 3. Strong monarchy Kings dislike the feudal system -- gives too much control to others Kings dislike the feudal system -- gives too much control to others William the Conqueror William the Conqueror

22. Traditions in Development of England Common Law Common Law Legal system (courts, jury) Legal system (courts, jury) Magna Carta Magna Carta Great Charter Great Charter Rights to nobles and citizens Rights to nobles and citizens Monarch must obey laws Monarch must obey laws Parliament Similar to Senate in Rome Originally gave advice, leads to larger role that unifies England Limits power of the king

23. End of Lecture Quiz 1. List three areas of life today where you see Greek or Roman influence. 1. List three areas of life today where you see Greek or Roman influence. 2. What is one way that Greek and Roman early religion differed from Judaism and Christianity? 2. What is one way that Greek and Roman early religion differed from Judaism and Christianity? 3. Draw and label the feudal social structure. 3. Draw and label the feudal social structure.