1. Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

2. Ionic Compounds Representative Unit: Formula Unit
Bond Formation: Transfer of one or more electrons between atoms
Physical state: solid
Melting Point: High
Solubility: High in water
Conductivity in solution: Good Conductor

3. Formula Unit
Formula Unit: The lowest whole number ration of ions in an ionic compound
Ex: NaCl is the formula unit for Sodium chloride
Ratio is one Na to one Cl

4. Physical State of Ionic Compounds
Most are crystalline solids at room temperature
Large attractive forces result in a very stable structure (results in a high melting point)

5. Solubility of Ionic Compounds
Highly soluble in water
Ionic Compound dissociates into individual ions
Free moving electrons conduct electric current

6. Properties of Covalent Compounds
Representative Unit: Molecule
Bond Formation: Sharing of electron pairs
Physical State: solid, liquid, or gas
Melting Point: low
Solubility in water: low to high
Conductivity in aqueous solution: poor

7. Covalent Compounds Formula Unit: Molecule
Molecule: a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds

8. Bond Formation of Molecules
Sharing of electron pairs

9. Melting Point of Covalent Compounds
Melting is caused by the breaking of attractions between molecules
Attraction between molecules are weak = low melting point

10. Solubility of Covalent Compounds
Polar Compounds: dissolve in polar solutions
Nonpolar Compounds: dissolve in nonpolar solutions
“Like dissolves like”