1. Identification of Compounds
Using Physical Properties

2. Introduction
In this experiment we will use physical properties to identify unknown substances
Solubility of a solid in water, acid, base, organic solvent
Density of a solid (volume by displacement)
Melting Point

4. The Experiment You and your partner will receive
3g of one of the solid compounds on the list to identify by measuring solubility, density and melting point
An unknown liquid that is on table 2 and you must identify it from its boiling point, density and solubility

5. Solubility of the Unknown Solid
Solubility in:
water
acetone
cyclohexane
isopropanol
Few crystals in a spot plate well with solvent
Water and isopropanol are polar solvents (dissolve inorganic salts)
Acetone, and cyclohexane are non-polar and will generally dissolve organic solids

6. Melting Point of the Unknown Solid
few crystals  capilliary tube
attach rubber band to a thermometer
Immerse the thermometer/capilliary into a water bath as shown in the figure
begin heating
record the temperature at which the solid starts to melt

8. Density of the Unknown Solid
Choose a liquid that your unknown is insoluble in
Place V1=5.0 mL of this liquid in your 10 mL cylinder
Weigh out and add M = 2 g (measure to 4 decimal places) to the cylinder and record the new volume V2

9. Solubility of an Unknown Liquid
You will measure the solubility of an unknown liquid in
acetone
water
cyclohexane
isopropanol
In four test tubes add 1 mL of your unknown and an equal amount of one of the solvents
Record your observations

10. Boiling Point of the Unknown Liquid
Construct the apparatus below, and record the temperature when small bubbles start to form in the test tube

11. Density of the Unknown Liquid
Measure the mass of a small beaker M1
pipette mL of your unknown liquid into the beaker and reweigh it M2