1. Chapter 26 Section 3 War in Africa and Europe

2. Allied Advances How did the Allies turn the tide in Europe and North Africa? How did the Allies turn the tide in Europe and North Africa? Selective Service Act 1940 – all men between 21-35 had to register for military. Selective Service Act 1940 – all men between 21-35 had to register for military. Churchill convinced Americans to first drive Germans out of North Africa. Churchill convinced Americans to first drive Germans out of North Africa. British had been battling to save Suez Canal access. British had been battling to save Suez Canal access.

3. Con’t Germans-General Erwin Rommel (The Desert Fox) pushed British back to 200 miles from the Suez Canal. Germans-General Erwin Rommel (The Desert Fox) pushed British back to 200 miles from the Suez Canal. General Dwight D. Eisenhower landed in 1942. General Dwight D. Eisenhower landed in 1942. 1943 – Axis powers were defeated and Allies set up bases from which to attack southern Europe. 1943 – Axis powers were defeated and Allies set up bases from which to attack southern Europe.

4. Invasion of Italy Allies invaded Sicily in July 1943. Allies invaded Sicily in July 1943. Forced the Germans out of Sicily and went into Italy, who surrendered. Forced the Germans out of Sicily and went into Italy, who surrendered. Italians had already turned on Mussolini, and he was imprisoned. Italians had already turned on Mussolini, and he was imprisoned. Italians surrendered on September 1943; Mussolini had escaped. Italians surrendered on September 1943; Mussolini had escaped.

5. Germany on the Defensive What events helped put Germany on the defensive? What events helped put Germany on the defensive? September 1942 – German forces attacked Stalingrad. September 1942 – German forces attacked Stalingrad. Hitler would not let the Germans retreat. Hitler would not let the Germans retreat. Many thousands of Nazis froze; Feb.1943 – Germans surrendered. Many thousands of Nazis froze; Feb.1943 – Germans surrendered. Turning point of the war. Turning point of the war.

6. June 6, 1944 Hitler thought Allies would attack at Calais. Hitler thought Allies would attack at Calais. Operation Overlord – June 6 th, after midnight; paratroopers and gilderborne forces landed behind German lines in Normandy. Operation Overlord – June 6 th, after midnight; paratroopers and gilderborne forces landed behind German lines in Normandy. 5,000 ships ; 150,000 troops. 5,000 ships ; 150,000 troops. D-Day; the largest land-sea-air operation in history. D-Day; the largest land-sea-air operation in history.

7. The Allies Gain Ground Took back Paris. Took back Paris. Patton and Bradley led the advances of the Third Army. Patton and Bradley led the advances of the Third Army. Audie Murphy – most decorated hero of World War II Audie Murphy – most decorated hero of World War II Hitler launched final assault; Battle of the Bulge. (Belgium & Luxemborg.) Hitler launched final assault; Battle of the Bulge. (Belgium & Luxemborg.)

8. The War Ends in Europe What crimes did the Allies discover as they advanced toward Berlin? What crimes did the Allies discover as they advanced toward Berlin? The “Big Three” met attended the Yalta Conference of Feb.1945. (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin) The “Big Three” met attended the Yalta Conference of Feb.1945. (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin) Stalin would declare war on Japan after Germany surrenderd; establish an international peacekeeping organization; discussed type of government in Europe. Stalin would declare war on Japan after Germany surrenderd; establish an international peacekeeping organization; discussed type of government in Europe. April 1945 – Roosevelt died after being sworn in for a 4 th term. April 1945 – Roosevelt died after being sworn in for a 4 th term.

9. Germany Surrenders April 1945 – Russians reached Berlin. April 1945 – Russians reached Berlin. April 30 – Hitler committed suicide. April 30 – Hitler committed suicide. May 2 nd – Russians captured Berlin. May 2 nd – Russians captured Berlin. German officials signed an unconditional surrender at Eisenhower’s headquarters. German officials signed an unconditional surrender at Eisenhower’s headquarters. May 8 th – V-E Day (Victory in Europe) May 8 th – V-E Day (Victory in Europe)

10. The Horrors of the Holocaust Allies discovered concentration camps and mass graves. Allies discovered concentration camps and mass graves. Nazis killed 6 million Jews – 2/3 of European Jews. Also, killed Gypsies, Russians, Poles, political prisoners and homosexuals. 11 million people in all. Nazis killed 6 million Jews – 2/3 of European Jews. Also, killed Gypsies, Russians, Poles, political prisoners and homosexuals. 11 million people in all. Hitler promoted anti-Semitism, prejudice against Jews, by denying them many rights. Hitler promoted anti-Semitism, prejudice against Jews, by denying them many rights.