1. Experimental and Theoretical Study of Energy Deposition and Residual Activation Induced by Uranium Ions to Model the Beam Loss Hazards in the GSI Future Facility GSI-INTAS Project Reference Number 03-54-3588 May 2004 – April 2006 Budget 90 k€

3. Motivation Intensities up to 10 12 of U ions and 2.5·10 13 of protons are foreseen in the GSI Future Facility accelerators. Such high intensities will unavoidably be accompanied with high level of beam losses. Although the proton beam loss hazards are well understood in the accelerator community there are many unknowns in how the lost heavy ions affect the accelerator equipment and surroundings. The problems related to beam loss induced hazards can roughly be classified into three categories: 1.Residual activation. 2.Damage to the equipment. 3.Shielding.

4. Residual Activation It is well known that the ‚hands-on‘ maintenance is the main beam-loss limiting factor in the proton accelerators: W=1 w/m allowed losses in a 1 GeV proton machine. There is no limiting values for heavy-ion beam losses recognized by the accelerator community so far.

5. Damage to the Equipment Superconducting magnets are the equipment most sensitive to the radiation damage. What is the overall heat load to the cryogenic system induced by lost particles? What beam loss level is safe against quenching? What is the tolerable beam loss level to have “reasonable” lifetime of materials with low radiation hardness like organic materials, superconducting wires and semiconducting diodes?

6. Shielding There are spots in the accelerators and the transfer channels with planned high beam loss level, like injection-extraction regions, aperture limiting devices, collimators, targets and beam dumps. The SHIELD code has been proven to be a reliable tool to simulate neutron yields for lost ions as high as Uranium at energy of 1 GeV/u. It works reliably with U ions also at the top energy 37 GeV/u foreseen in the GSI Future Facility.

7. Structure of the Project Project Teams: INTAS (Western) GSI Darmstadt, E.Mustafin. STU Bratislava, M.Pavlovic. NIS (Eastern) ITEP Moscow, A.Golubev. VNIIEF Sarov, V.Vatulin. INR RAS Moscow, N.Sobolevskiy. Project Tasks: 1.Energy deposition measurements, A.Golubev. 2.Activation measurements, A.Fertman. 3.Modeling of the experimental set-up with the help of the SHIELD code and validation of the code with the results of the measurements, N.Sobolevskiy. 4.Use of the SHIELD code to model the beam losses into the accelerator equipment and surroundings, N.Sobolevskiy.

8. Structure of the Project Tasks Experimental Part Energy Deposition Measurements ITEP, VNIIEF, STU, GSI Residual Activation Measurements ITEP, STU, GSI Theoretical Part- SHIELD code simulations Modeling of the experimental set- ups and validation of the SHIELD code ITEP, VNIIEF, INR RAS, STU, GSI Modeling of beam losses in the accelerator equipment INR RAS, STU, GSI

9. Why dE/dx measurements? 0.0000.0050.0100.0150.0200.0250.0300.0350.0400.0450.050 10 1 2 3 4 Energy deposition, MeV/cm3 L, cm SHIELD calculation: 1 GeV/u U ion energy deposition in iron – perpendicular incidence 0.0000.0050.0100.0150.0200.0250.0300.0350.0400.0450.050 10 0 1 2 3 4 Energy deposition into the wall of vacuum tube under irradiation by ions U238 with energy 1 GeV/u and incidence angle 1 mrad Energy deposition, MeV/cm3 L, cm

10. What we are going to model with the help of the SHIELD code? Nuclotron-type superconducting dipoles of the SIS100 synchrotron. Cosine-theta-type dipoles of the SIS300 synchrotron. SFRS target area. Injection-extraction regions. Losses in the collimation systems.

11. ‚Users’ of the Project Results Accelerator Division: HSSP, Magnet Technique Group, Radiation Protection Division, Super FRS group, Plasma Physics Group (in the dE/dx part), All high-current high-energy heavy-ion machines in the world.