1. Communications Interoperability - “The Whole Story” Bob Speidel, Esq. (434) 385-2465 (434) 385-2886 (fax) speidelbo@tycoelectronics.com a/k/a - “Intertalkability - Truths and Myths” Truths and Myths”

2. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved FUEL HEAT OXYGEN Fire Triangle - “A Familiar Analogy”

3. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The “Missing Side” Phenomenon HEAT FUEL OXYGEN

4. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Comms Intertalk Triangle Intertalkability also has 3 components

5. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Comms Intertalk Triangle MANAGEMENT

6. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Comms Intertalk Triangle MANAGEMENT REGULATORY

7. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Comms Intertalk Triangle TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT REGULATORY

8. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved KABILITY TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT REGULATORY INTERTAL The Comms Intertalk Triangle

9. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The “Missing Side” Phenomenon MANAGEMENT REGULATORY TECHNICAL REGULATORY MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL KABILITY INTERTAL A MISSING SIDE DESTROYS INTERTALK TRIANGLE AS WELL!!!

10. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The 1 st Side of Comm Intertalk MANAGEMENT

11. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mgmt - Your Area of Expertise Successful/Complete Intertalkability needs your expertise! NOW!

12. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mgmt - Your Area of Expertise Successful/Complete Intertalkability needs your expertise! NOW! Geographic Scope of the problem is enormous! Geographic Scope of the problem is enormous! Local Regional Regional Inter-Regional Inter-Regional Statewide Statewide Multi-State Multi-State Nationwide Nationwide International International

13. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mgmt - Your Area of Expertise Successful/Complete Intertalkability needs your expertise! NOW! Geographic Scope of the problem is enormous! Geographic Scope of the problem is enormous! Local Local Regional Regional Inter-Regional Inter-Regional Statewide Statewide Multi-State Multi-State Nationwide Nationwide International International It is a multi-jurisdictional problem Local Local Intra and Inter-Regional Intra and Inter-Regional State State Federal Federal International International

14. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mgmt - Is it important? “...the rescuers' ability to save themselves and others was hobbled by … a history of tribal feuding and management lapses that have been part of the emergency response culture in New York City and other regions for years.” New York Times “9/11 Exposed Deadly Flaws in Rescue Plan” July 7, 2002

15. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The 2 nd Side of Comm Intertalk REGULATORY

16. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved ”The 2-headed monster” NTIA (Nat’l Telecomm & Info Admin) All Federal All Federal Gov’t Users Gov’t Users “The Red Book” FCC (Fed’l Communications Comm) All State/LocalAll State/Local Gov’t Users Gov’t Users Business &Business & Industrial Users Industrial Users “Title 47 CFR”

17. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The 1st Head of the Monster NTIA (Nat’l Telecomm & Info Admin) All Federal Gov’t Users “The Red Book”FCC (Fed’l Communications Comm) All State/LocalAll State/Local Gov’t Users Gov’t Users Business &Business & Industrial Users Industrial Users “Title 47 CFR”

18. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved FCC PS Landscape - “variable” VHF (lo-band) VHF (lo-band) VHF (hi-band) VHF (hi-band) UHF UHF 700 700 800 non-NPSPAC 800 non-NPSPAC 800 NPSPAC 800 NPSPAC 900 900

19. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Bandwidth Channel Spacing 25(20) kHz 12.5(11.25) 6.25(6.0) The “Pipes” of Understanding The Pipes are leaky!

20. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved FCC VHF - LoBand 25 kHz 25 kHz “mask” - 20 kHz 25 kHz “mask” - 20 kHz 20 kHz

21. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved 20 kHz FCC VHF - LoBand - In “Pipes” 25 kHz

22. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Original Original +/- 7.5 kHz Original Original 12.5 kHz 25 kHz +/- 7.5 kHz 25 kHz “mask” - 20 kHz 25 kHz “mask” - 20 kHz 12.5 kHz “mask” - 11.25 kHz 12.5 kHz “mask” - 11.25 kHz FCC VHF - HiBand Before Refarming Refarming Added 15kHz 7.5 kHz

23. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved FCC VHF - HiBand - In “Pipes” 25 kHz 15 kHz spacing 7.5 kHz spacing 12.5 kHz

24. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12.5 kHz 25.0 kHz OriginalOriginal +/- 12.5 kHz + 6.25 kHz + 6.25 kHz - 6.25 kHz - 6.25 kHz + 6.25 kHz + 6.25 kHz - 6.25 kHz - 6.25 kHz + 6.25 kHz + 6.25 kHz - 6.25 kHz - 6.25 kHz 25 kHz “mask” - 20 kHz 12.5 kHz “mask” - 11.25 kHz 6.25 kHz “mask” - 6.0 kHz FCC UHF - 450 MHz to 512 MHz 6.25 Before Refarming Refarming Added 25 kHz 6.25 kHz 12.5 kHz

25. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved FCC UHF - In “Pipes” 25 kHz spacing 12.5 kHz spacing 6.25 kHz spacing

26. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Multiple emissions in a single channel (a/k/a ch. splitting) allowed. C ombining up to 5 channels allowed. (i.e. 125 kHz max) 25 kHz “mask” - 20 kHz FCC 800 - Non NPSPAC 25.0 kHz 25 kHz 806 MHz to 821 MHz (mobile to base) paired with 851 MHz to 866 MHz (base to mobile)

27. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved FCC 800 non-NPSPAC - In “Pipes” 25 kHz spacing

28. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Multiple emissions in a single channel (a/k/a ch. splitting) allowed. (a/k/a ch. splitting) allowed. 12.5 kHz 25 kHz “mask” - 20 kHz 12.5 kHz 25.0 kHz FCC 800 - NPSPAC 821 MHz to 824 MHz (mobile to base) paired with 866 MHz to 869 MHz (base to mobile)

29. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved FCC 800 NPSPAC - In “Pipes” 25 kHz 12.5kHz

30. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Multiple emissions in a single channel (a/k/a ch. splitting) allowed. Combining up to 10 channels allowed. (i.e. 125 kHz max) 12.5 kHz 900 MHz - 12.5 kHz “mask” - 13.6 kHz FCC 900 896 MHz to 901 MHz (mobile to base) paired with 935 MHz to 940 MHz (base to mobile)

31. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved 13.6 kHz 12.5 kHz FCC 900 - In “Pipes”

32. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The FCC is some help? It may seem that the FCC is against communications intertalkability.

33. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The FCC is some help? It may seem that the FCC is against communications intertalkability. However, the FCC made communications “interoperability” a major goal of the new 700 MHz PS spectrum.

34. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved 700 MHz & PS - A “little” History “Putting Things in Perspective” Congress - The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 Congress - The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 Allocate 24 MHz by 12/31/97 Allocate 24 MHz by 12/31/97 License by 9/30/1998 License by 9/30/1998 FCC FCC Allocated 764-776 MHz & 794-806 MHz on Allocated 764-776 MHz & 794-806 MHz on 12/31/97 12/31/97 Created NCC on 2/25/99 to advise on rules Created NCC on 2/25/99 to advise on rules BUT,BUT,

35. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved “Putting Things in Perspective” Congress - The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 Congress - The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 Allocate 24 MHz by 12/31/97 Allocate 24 MHz by 12/31/97 License by 9/30/1998 License by 9/30/1998 FCC FCC Allocated 764-776 MHz & 794-806 MHz on Allocated 764-776 MHz & 794-806 MHz on 12/31/97 12/31/97 Created NCC on 2/25/99 to advise on rules Created NCC on 2/25/99 to advise on rules 700 MHz for PS was a response to the PSWAC spectrum needs analysis! “Interoperability” was an afterthought. 700 MHz & PS - A “little” History

36. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved FCC 700 - PS Band Plan

37. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved 700 MHz - “Intertalk - Are you sure?” 700 MHz - “Intertalk - Are you sure?” Completion of “complete” standardization for Completion of “complete” standardization for “Interoperability” “Interoperability” “Application” level for NB & WB data “Application” level for NB & WB data “Over the air” standard for WB data “Over the air” standard for WB data

38. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Completion of “complete” standardization for “Interoperability” Completion of “complete” standardization for “Interoperability” “Application” level for NB & WB data “Application” level for NB & WB data “Over the air” standard for WB data “Over the air” standard for WB data Despite what you may have heard P25, Phase 1, CAI, conventional mode is required for operations on the NB voice and data “interop” channels ONLY! Any other digital technology is allowed on ALL other PS 700 MHz channels 700 MHz - “Intertalk - Are you sure?” 700 MHz - “Intertalk - Are you sure?”

39. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Completion of “complete” standardization for “Interoperability” Completion of “complete” standardization for “Interoperability” “Application” level for NB & WB data “Application” level for NB & WB data “Over the air” standard for WB data “Over the air” standard for WB data Lack of Regional Plans Lack of Regional Plans No Plan = No General Use License in Region No Plan = No General Use License in Region 700 MHz - “Reality, When?” 700 MHz - “Reality, When?”

40. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved 700 MHz - TV Presence 700 MHz - TV Presence OKAY? How Long? Ch. 63-68 Ch. 64-69 TV impacting 764-769&794-799 TV impacting 770-775&800-805

41. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved FCC - 700 & Intertalk A step, albeit timid, in the right direction? A step, albeit timid, in the right direction? Unfortunately this “step” may have made the other two sides of the intertalkabilty triangle even more challenging. Unfortunately this “step” may have made the other two sides of the intertalkabilty triangle even more challenging. ”In the Final Analysis”

42. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The 2nd Head of the Monster! NTIA (Nat’l Telecomm & Info Admin) All Federal All Federal Gov’t Users Gov’t Users “The Red Book” FCC (Fed’l Communications Comm) All State/Local Gov’t Users Business & Industrial Users “Title 47 CFR”

43. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved NTIA PS Rules - “FCC consistent ?” VHF VHF UHF UHF NTIA has NO 700, 800, or 900 spectrum under its PS jurisdiction NTIA has NO 700, 800, or 900 spectrum under its PS jurisdiction

44. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved NTIA VHF - 162 MHz to 174 MHz Valid until December 31, 2004 (The 25 kHz plan) NB: NTIA “Red Book” shows no channel plans for 138-144, 148-149.9, 150.05-150.8 MHz 25.0 kHz 25 kHz 25.0 kHz 12.5 kHz Interstitial Channel On qualified Interstitial Channels Only REF: NTIA “Red Book” - The Manual of Regulations & Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management, para. 4.3.7 (http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/redbook/redbook.html) (25 kHz “Mask” for NTIA equals 16 kHz)

45. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved NTIA VHF - 162 MHz to 174 MHz 25.0 kHz REF: NTIA “Red Book” - para. 4.3.7A Mandated January 1, 2005 (The 12.5 kHz plan) “4. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Operations. TDMA systems, with at least 1 voice channel per 12.5 kHz will be allowed and can be accommodated on adjacent 12.5 kHz channels listed in this channeling plan....” 12.5 kHz 25 kHz 2 voice path TDMA 12.5 kHz (12.5 kHz “Mask” for NTIA equals 11 kHz)

46. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved NTIA VHF - In “Pipes” 25 kHz spacing Up to 1/1/2005 Beginning on 1/1/2005 12.5 kHz spacing 12.5 kHz 6.25 kHz offset

47. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved NTIA UHF - 406.1 MHz to 420 MHz Valid until December 31, 2007 406.1 to 411 (base to mobile) paired with 415.1 to 420 (mobile to base) for two frequency simplex operations frequency simplex operations 411 to 415 for single frequency operations 411 to 415 for single frequency operations 25 kHz 25.0 kHz 12.5 kHz Ch. 1 Ch. 2 Ch. 3 Ch. 4 Ch. 5 REF: NTIA “Red Book” - para. 4.3.9 12.5 kHz

48. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved 406.1 to 411 (base to mobile) paired with 415.1 to 420 (mobile to base) for two frequency simplex operations frequency simplex operations 411 to 415 for single frequency operations 411 to 415 for single frequency operations 25.0 kHz 12.5 kHz Ch. 1 Ch. 2 Ch. 3 Ch. 4 Ch. 5 REF: NTIA “Red Book” - para. 4.3.9 12.5 kHz NTIA UHF - 406.1 MHz to 420 MHz Mandated January 1, 2008 12.5 kHz 25 kHz 2 voice path TDMA “5. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Operations. TDMA systems, with at least 1 voice channel per 12.5 kHz will be allowed and can be accommodated on adjacent 12.5 kHz channels listed in this channeling plan....”

49. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved NTIA UHF - In “Pipes” 25 kHz spacing Up to 1/1/2007 Beginning on 1/1/2008 12.5 kHz spacing 12.5 kHz 6.25 kHz offset

50. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The 2 nd Side of Comm Intertalk FROM 10,000 FEET The Regulatory Gurus, even with the 700 MHz public safety band, have not made “real” intertalkability an easy task

51. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The 3 rd Side of Comm Intertalk TECHNICAL The “ My Cousin Vinny ” Syndrome

52. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Technical Standards THE ILLUSION OFINTERTALKABILITY OFINTERTALKABILITY

53. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Technical Standards Ask Yourself Does the “standard” resolve all of the communications intertalkability “Regulatory” challenges? Does the “standard” resolve all of the communications intertalkability “Regulatory” challenges?

54. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Technical Standards Ask Yourself Does the “standard” resolve all of the communications intertalkability “Regulatory” challenges? Does the “standard” resolve all of the communications intertalkability “Regulatory” challenges? Does the “standard” eliminate all of the communications intertalkability “Management” challenges? Does the “standard” eliminate all of the communications intertalkability “Management” challenges?

55. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Technical Standards Ask Yourself Does the “standard” resolve all of the communications intertalkability “Regulatory” challenges? Does the “standard” resolve all of the communications intertalkability “Regulatory” challenges? Does the “standard” eliminate all of the communications intertalkability “Management” challenges? Does the “standard” eliminate all of the communications intertalkability “Management” challenges? Is the “standard” the only communications intertalkability “technical” tool? Is the “standard” the only communications intertalkability “technical” tool?

56. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Technical Standards Ask Yourself Does the “standard” resolve all of the communications intertalkability “Regulatory” challenges? Does the “standard” resolve all of the communications intertalkability “Regulatory” challenges? Does the “standard” eliminate all of the communications intertalkability “Management” challenges? Does the “standard” eliminate all of the communications intertalkability “Management” challenges? Is the “standard” the only communications intertalkability “technical” tool? Is the “standard” the only communications intertalkability “technical” tool? Is it the easiest tool? Is it the easiest tool? Is it the most universal tool? Is it the most universal tool? IS IT THE LEAST EXPENSIVE TOOL? IS IT THE LEAST EXPENSIVE TOOL?

57. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved The 3 rd Side of Comm Intertalk The Bottom Line Technical Standards are not mysterious elixirs that, by themselves, magically eliminate the need to consider the other two sides of the “communications intertalkability” triangle

58. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Comm Interop - “The Whole Story” What have we learned today, so far? TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT REGULATORY HEAT FUEL OXYGEN

59. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved What have we learned today, so far? KABILITY TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT REGULATORY INTERTAL Comm Interop - “The Whole Story”

60. © 2003 By M/A-COM Private Radio Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Finally Any Questions at this time? Any Questions after this meeting, please feel free to contact: Bob Speidel (434) 455-9465 (434) 455-6764 (fax) speidelbo@tycoelectronics.com