1. Engineering Workshops Transition and Tunnels Dale Finkelson

2. Engineering Workshops Transition There are really two types of cases that need to be addressed. –Network layer How can we get v6/v4 packets across v4/v6 networks? –Host layer How can a v6/v4 host access content on a v4/v6 host?

3. Engineering Workshops Network layer transition Tunnels Dual Stack

4. Engineering Workshops Tunnels Information from one protocol is encapsulated inside the frame of another protocol. –This enables the original data to be carried over a second non-native architecture. 3 steps in creating a tunnel –Encapsulation –Decapsulation –management

5. Engineering Workshops Tunnels There are at least 4 tunnel configurations: –Router to router –Host to router –Host to host –Router to host Required information: –V4 address of the tunnel endpoints. –Note that private addresses will not work here.

6. Engineering Workshops Tunnels How the addresses are known determines the type of tunnel. –Configured tunnel –Automatic tunnel –Multicast tunnel

7. Engineering Workshops Configured tunnel These can be unidirectional or bidirectional. –Bidirectional looks like a point-to-point link The administrator configures the tunnel. Examples of this would be the pre-native Abilene backbone and some types of tunnel brokers.

8. Engineering Workshops Automatic Tunnel A tunnel is created without the intervention of a network administrator. –Typically this involves the v4 address of the endpoint being contained within the v6 address. Isatap and 6to4 are examples 6to4 uses 2002::/16 plus the 32 bit v4 address to form a /48. Isatap treats the v4 network as layer 2 transport. –V4 address is in the interface identifier

9. Engineering Workshops Tunnel Broker Ultimate automagic version is http://www.freenet6.net/ http://www.freenet6.net/ –Handles changing IPv4 address on your host (DHCP’d, etc) Slightly manual version is http://carmen.ipv6.tilab.com/ipv6/tools/ipv6tb/i ndex.html http://carmen.ipv6.tilab.com/ipv6/tools/ipv6tb/i ndex.html CERNET has open source tunnel broker

10. Engineering Workshops Automatic Tunnel (6to4) Uses an IPv4 compatible address Assumes dual stack on your host Requires an IPv4 “relay” host (for full connectivity) Converts a.b.c.d IPv4 into 2002:AB:CD::/48 (convert a into hex) http://www.kfu.com/~nsayer/6to4/

11. Engineering Workshops Dual Stack Obvious. This is likely to be the predominate network layer transition tool. When all the tools using tunnel mechanisms were developed I do not believe anyone thought viable dual stack routers would show up as quickly as they in fact have. –Most backbones will be (or could be) dual stack very easily and will be when there is a demand.

12. Engineering Workshops Transition Tunnels will remain useful as a tool for connecting isolated hosts in home networks to v6 nets.

13. Engineering Workshops Host level transition This is where transition could bog down. How do you make web and other servers transparently accessable to either v6 or v4 hosts. There are several approaches. –Dual stack –Bump-in-the-stack –Nat like devices –translators

14. Engineering Workshops Translators Within Linux variants there is a tool called Faithd. –This is a transport layer translator. There are also header translators out there: –SIIT –Nat-PT –Socks –Various application specific translators.

15. Engineering Workshops Summary This is neither as hard as it was once thought nor as easy as we might like to make it. Dual Stack will be viable much sooner then was thought. –It is merely an act of faith and will to convert existing servers to v6 capable versions.