1. CHAPTER 1 Reconstruction

2. WARM-UP How will you go about reconstructing the South? What problems / concerns need to be addressed?

3. POSTWAR PROBLEMS The North returned to work right where they left off The South faced a far different situation…life would forever change  Mass devastation - Land, buildings, cities, homes, railroads were destroyed from war – war victims  Shattered southern economy  Freedmen- former slaves who were now set free as a result of the war – jobless and homeless and uneducated  What to do with formers Confederate soldiers?  Beliefs of southerners / resentfulness

4. PRESIDENT LINCOLN AND RECONSTRUCTION Lincoln had been preparing for this Re- Union of the United States. His plan was known as Reconstruction  Reconstruction- rebuilding the former Confederate States and reuniting the nation. “With malice towards none, with charity for all”

5. PLANS FOR RECONSTRUCTION PlanLincoln’s PlanCongress’ PlanJohnson’s PlanRadical Republicans Name of Plan: Key Points: Johnson’s Plan - Majority white men had to swear loyalty to Union -Confederates can vote and hold office -abolish slavery Wade-Davis Bill - Majority white men had to swear loyalty to Union -Abolish slavery -Confederates could not vote or hold office Ten Percent Plan -10% of voters had to swear loyalty to Union - Confederates can vote and hold office -Offered amnesty to all southerners except high ranking Confederate Officials. -Abolished slavery - Must disband state governments - Must write new constitutions - Must ratify the 14 th Amendment - African American men must be able to vote.

6. STOP~THINK~DISCUSS Write a paragraph describing which plan YOU agree with. Support your opinion with two facts about the plan. What is missing from the plans.

7. FREEDMEN’S BUREAU Agreed upon by Congress and Lincoln Helped former slaves find jobs, provided them food and clothing, helped set up schools Helped poor whites find work as well Helped those displaced by the war

8. LINCOLN IS ASSASSINATED WhoWhatWhenWhereWhyHow Abe Lincoln Mary Todd Lincoln Henry Rathbone Clara Harris John Wilkes Booth Lewis Powell / Payne John Surrat Marry Surrat David Herold Atzerdot Dr. Samuel Mudd Richard Garrett 3 part plan to kill Lincoln, Johnson and Seaward Surrat’s Boarding House Ford’s Theater Mudd’s house Garrett’s Farm April 14 - 26 1865 Booth was a southern sympathizer who blamed Lincoln for the south loosing and for African Americans gaining freedom Lincoln is shot in the head by Booth Seward is stabbed by Powell Atzerdot can not go through with killing Lincoln and goes to a bar instead Both then escapes South Johnson becomes President

9. RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS 13 th Amendment – banned slavery throughout the nation 14 th Amendment – defined citizenship – all persons born or naturalized in the United States were citizens and entitled to equal protection of the laws 15 th Amendment – declared the right to vote – “shall not be denied... On account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude to black men.

10. THE SOUTH DURING RECONSTRUCTION Carpetbagger Northerner who came to the South after the Civil War Some reformers or soldiers who wanted to help Others who wanted to get rich on southern misery Scalawag White southern Republican. Usually a businessman Against secession, for reconstruction Viewed as a traitor by Southerners African Americans Freedmen / sharecropper Voted, some held office Some rented farmland – “nothing but freedom” Others left to go west Conservatives White Southern Democrat Had power and wealth before the war and resented changes Thought the south should change as little as possible Ok for African Americans to vote and hold office but real power should be for whites Secret Societies / KKK Did not want African Americans or white republicans in office Hid identities Threats, violence, murder

11. RADICAL REPUBLICANS Republicans felt that Johnson’s Reconstruction plan encouraged discrimination against blacks. In the South angry whites were causing riots and damaging freedmen’s homes and churches. Radical Republicans- Republicans who wanted to ensure that freedmen received equal rights. Two Main Goals of Radical Republicans 1. break the power of wealthy planters who long ruled the South 2. ensure that freedmen received the right to vote.

12. THE RECONSTRUCTION ACT Reconstruction Act- threw out state governments that refused to ratify the 14 th Amendment. The South was divided up into 5 military districts. Southerners bitterly opposed the Reconstruction Act. With the new constitutions in place former Confederate Officials were barred from voting. Freedmen exercised their right to vote in the election of 1866 and the Republicans gained control of the southern state governments.

13. IMPEACHMENT Johnson was unpopular Northerners – Southerner and too friendly to the South Southerners – Traitor to the South The House of Representatives voted to impeach President Johnson. Tenure of Office Act (1867) Fired Secretary of State Seward Impeach- to bring formal charges against Acquitted by one vote Johnson quietly finishes out remainder of his term and is compliant with the Republicans

14. GRANT IS ELECTED Johnson served the last few months of his term. In 1868 Republicans elected Ulysses S. Grant for president. Grant wins the presidency in a landslide!  About 500,000 blacks voted and nearly all of them voted for Grant.

15. COMPROMISE OF 1877 Marked the end of Reconstruction  Samuel Tilden (Dem) vs.  Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep). Tilden won the popular vote, votes of 4 states are disputed – all go to Hayes Hayes (Republican) becomes president Was a deal made? Removes federal troops from the south – ending Reconstruction Federal money is used to rebuild southern railroads

16. THE NEW SOUTH The South was less dependent on the North as it was before the Civil War. Restricted Rights African Americans lose many of the rights they had gained Industry Cotton production was back to the way it was in 1860. More textile factories were built. The tobacco industry was soaring. Mineral resources like iron ore, coal, steel, and oil were now being mined and used. Industry was now booming in the South!

17. EXIT OUT CREATE A T-CHART WHAT WAS “NEW” ABOUT THE SOUTH? WHAT WAS THE SAME ABOUT THE SOUTH?