1. Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Stanislav Šíma CESNET www.ces.net 4th CEF Networks workshop Prague 2007

2. 4th CEF Networks workshop 2 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Author participates on Optical networks activity of CESNET research program, GN2 project and Phosphorus project Presented ideas do not necessarily reflect an official opinion of CESNET or any other institution or project.

3. 4th CEF Networks workshop 3 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Why funding of RENs l Reading of report “Digital Prosperity” is recommended (to better understand the nature of the new economy, innovation, productivity and broad-based prosperity of country) http://www.itif.org/files/digital_prosperity.pdfhttp://www.itif.org/files/digital_prosperity.pdf l Research networks are an important source of Internet innovation and contribute to information technology innovation and deployment l Support of research networks development should be understood as priority in each country

4. 4th CEF Networks workshop 4 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks How to improve networks l Fibres (including short cross border fibres and first mile) dedicated to research network are crucial l Single fibre lines should be used, if improve cost effectiveness l Pure optical networking improves functionality and economy (photonic switches, multicast, waves transiting nodes, alien waves, resource dedication, etc.) l Use full power of photonic devices and programmability - big improvement of functionality, speed, cost and/or other parameters l Experimental Facilities (EF) including long distance dark fibres are inevitable for research of WAN improvements l Lit fibre service simplifies empowering of fibre networks l Fibre network cost model is needed

5. 4th CEF Networks workshop 5 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Avoid slow innovation and high costs l Slow innovation and high costs are in contradiction with research networking mission l Requirements (concerning research networks design, deployment, operation and innovation during network life cycle) are substantially improved: reduce dependency on –data transmission services: use also dark fibres –traditional network equipment vendors: use also open photonic devices for transmission and switching l Reducing dependency brings advantages in procurement and contracting: competitive offers are accepted only l Pre-procurement with electronic and photonic industry (including collaboration on proposals of standards) will help

6. 4th CEF Networks workshop 6 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Network Layers in research l Knowledge of research networks staff: –Many experts: IP service, routing and switching using equipment of traditional vendors, protocols, SONET/SDH, Ethernet, telco services –Few experts: Fibre acquirement, Fibre lighting, HW design, FPGA programming, transmission technology l Result: research programs are suggested mostly in the first field l Innovation point of view is the opposite: the most important improvements is coming from photonics technology now l Economy point of view is also the opposite: about 80% of costs of operation are transmission costs as sum of fibre usage cost (about 55%) and fibre lighting costs (about 25% ) – see next slides

7. 4th CEF Networks workshop 7 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Improvements of research possibilities (an example based on Cesnet experience) l Steps to reduce dependency on telco operator services since 1999 l Reasons –Strategic and technical limitations resulting from telco policy –Economics (costs exhausted too big part of funds allocated for research) l Steps to reduce dependency on traditional networking equipment vendors since 2002 l Reasons –Innovation policy of vendors sometimes limits research networks development –Lack of cost-effective up-to-date photonic equipment suitable for NRENs l Diversification of funding – participation on internationally funded projects (since 2000) l Technology transfer from research to equipment production and to network services (for example by licensing) since 2006 –CLA and COMBO production –Lit fibre service

8. 4th CEF Networks workshop 8 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Fibre network cost model l General cost model was elaborated in Porta Optica Study FP6 SSA http://www.porta-optica.org/http://www.porta-optica.org/ l Model is based on annualized network costs l The most important task of REN from economical point of view is usually to overcome distances l Corresponding cost category is transmission cost as sum of –fibre cost and –fibre lighting costs. l Model allows comparison of different solutions l See example in attachment and Deliverable D3.2: „Economical analysis, dark fibre usage cost model and model of operations“ for details (draft is available now)

9. 4th CEF Networks workshop 9 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Advances of photonics in fibre pair lighting (kE) Fibre pair Traditional vendors 100 km Photonic vendors 120 km Traditional vendors 200 km Photonic vendors 200 km Photonic vendors 4x100 km 1 x GE24.11.139.513.226.9 4 x GE33.55.748.928.339.2 8 x GE42.513.264.142.149.1 1 x 10GE58.426.180.835.852.3 4 x 10GE120.255.7142.673.2106.7 8 x 10GE202.6104.3225.0111.8135.7 16 x 10GE379.9183.3414.8190.8214.7 Based on offers received in procurements in last months in POS

10. 4th CEF Networks workshop 10 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks

11. 4th CEF Networks workshop 11 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Devices for open lighting l Photonics industry products readily available in the market and based on standards allow building of fully programmable optical network platforms. l This extends well-known open approach from software development to hardware and optical devices development and management. l CzechLight (CL) family is affordable set of photonic devices enabling to use full advantage of up-to-date products of photonic industry by programmable devices l Very cost effective, comparing to traditional approach l Availability of transmission parameters to monitoring and management (impairment monitoring and lightpath switching and restoration, testing of reconfigurable optical transport systems, etc.) l Fully open to improvements during network life cycle

12. 4th CEF Networks workshop 12 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks CzechLight family l CzechLight (CL) family: –CLA: family of EDFA amplifiers –CLR: Raman amplifier, –CLS: Optical switch, –CLC: tuneable CD compensator, –CLM: multicast switch –next CL devices are prepared l Concept was proved by deployment in fibre reels, CESNET Experimental Facility (field fibres) and CESNET2 network (in- service), devices are very reliable l Development of UNIX-based management of photonic components has good results (using experience with open software development in universities and RENs) l Possibilities of shaping the future (and further development of open lighting concept)

13. 4th CEF Networks workshop 13 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Main types and indicative prices of CLA l Main types without gain flattening for up to 8 channels: –CLA PB01 (8900 EUR) Low noise preamplifier and booster amplifier with output power up to 20dBm and optional ALS (Automatic Laser Shutdown) –CLA PB02 (12950 EUR) Low noise preamplifier and high-power booster amplifier with output power up to 27dBm and built-in ALS –CLA DI01 (8300 EUR) Dual in-line amplifier with output powers up to 15dBm l Main types with gain flattening for up to 32 channels: –CLA PB01F (10870 EUR) Gain flattened low noise preamplifier and booster amplifier with output power up to 20dBm and optional ALS –CLA PB02F (14980 EUR) Gain flattened low noise preamplifier and high- power booster amplifier with output power up to 27dBm and built-in ALS –CLA DI01F (9350 EUR) Gain flattened dual in-line amplifier with output powers up to 15 dBm Prices for 1-2 pc in September 2007

14. 4th CEF Networks workshop 14 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Dark Fibre and photonics Experimental Facilities l Open dark fibre and photonic Experimental Facility (EF) should be dedicated for support of designing the Internet of the future at all network levels (from dark fibre lighting to network applications in different research areas). –Facilities or testbeds based on lambda connections without full access to dark fibres and programming of lighting devices are considered not sufficient for the future. l The EF enables fundamental shift from current networking technologies that do not offer programmability and flexibility required by the research community. l We distinguish between EF and testbeds (EF is multi-purpose, long term and less technology dependent) l EF enables advances in network development by supporting experiments and applications l Dilemma for EF and testbeds –real users but little innovation –networking innovation but no real users

15. 4th CEF Networks workshop 15 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks CESNET EF l CESNET Experimental Facility (EF) consists of dark fibres, CLAs and switches l EF is used for –testing of new CL devices and new photonic products, –for bulding and operation of testbeds (now Phosphorus testbed), –disruptive experiments with new services and products etc. before deployment in CESNET2 –support of experiments with new applications and research collaboration –first mile solutions testing l EF users: we collaborate with GLIF users in the Czech Republic – collaboration of facilities users looks very reasonable l We are searching for international partners and projects with similar approach

16. 4th CEF Networks workshop 16 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks We search long term collaboration Charles bridge built in 1357

17. 4th CEF Networks workshop 17 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Acknowledgement l All partners from CEF Networks and GLIF community, especially Jan Gruntorád and colleagues Lada Altmannová, Miroslav Karásek, Martin Míchal, Václav Novák, Jan Radil and Josef Vojtěch from CESNET Above colleagues are not responsible for any my mistake. Slides for off-line reading follow...........

18. 4th CEF Networks workshop 18 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Fibre network cost model General model elaborated in Porta Optica Study http://www.porta-optica.org/http://www.porta-optica.org/ ItemCost CategoryAnnualized costs (kE/y)Percent 1 Transmission 1676,38 69,22 2 PoP Equipment 110,40 4,56 3 Other operational 423,39 17,48 4 Advanced research 211,708,74 TOTAL 2421,87100,00% First three items are costs of operation. See next pages for examples of PoP equipment cost table and transmission cost tables. Model is based on annualized network costs. The most important task of REN from economical point of view is to overcome distances. Corresponding cost category is transmission cost as summary of fibre cost and fibre lighting costs. Following is „Overall NREN budget table“ for Latvia as one case study for example.

19. 4th CEF Networks workshop 19 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Fibre cost per meter and year Fibre budget table - example Fibre budget table PoP APoP B Fibre length (km) Use time (year) Fibre acquiring cost (kE) Fibre cost per year (kE/y) Fibre cost per meter and year (E/m/y) Contract type RigaDaugavpils230 3 910,83041,32 lease DaugavpilsRezekne130 3 514,81721,32 lease RigaJelgava50 3 198661,32 lease JelgavaLiepaja180 3 712,82381,32 lease RigaVentspils200 3 7922641,32 lease RigaValka205 3 811,82711,32 lease JelgavaJoniškis40 15 36002406,00 purchase T o t a l 1035 7 5401 5531,50 Annotations: kE/y – kiloEUR/year, E/m/y – EUR/meter/year Use time is expected duration of usage Contract type – IRU, lease, single, pair, other Fibre maintenance is included in fibre cost

20. 4th CEF Networks workshop 20 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks PoP equipment cost per year budget table example PoP equipment budget table Type of PoP Number of PoPs R&SE cost per PoP (kE) R&SE cost (kE) Use time (year) R&SE cost per year (kE/y) R&SE&M cost (kE/y) COLO cost (kE/y) PoP cost per year (kE/y) Border2130260552,0057,202,6059,80 Backbone24284516,8018,480,8419,32 10G capable2234659,2010,120,4610,58 1G capable15690518,0019,800,9020,70 T o t a l 21201480 96,00105,604,80110,40 Annotations: Type of PoP: common name for PoPs using the same equipment and having the same collocation conditions R&SE - Routing and Switching Equipment including racks, energy backups, servers, workstations, PCs, testers, etc. for monitoring and maintenance COLO cost: Total cost of collocation of PoPs of given type. R&SE&M cost: R&SE annual costs plus maintenance cost

21. 4th CEF Networks workshop 21 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Transmission costs per meter per year Traditional lighting example Lighting budget table PoP APoP B Number Of lambdas Number of spans TE costs (kE) Use time (year) TE costs per year (kE/y) TE&M costs per year (kE/y) IL COLO cost (kE/y) Lighting per year (kE/y) Lighting per m (E/m/y) Tr. cost per m per y (E/m/y) RigaDaugavpils2761251221350 0,591,91 Daugavp.Rezekne1139589090,071,39 RigaJelgava -Joniskis32265553580 0,651,97 JelgavaLiepaja13114523250 0,141,46 RigaVentspils24 610 51221340 0,671,99 RigaValka44421584930 0,451,77 T o t a l 11212 060 411,96453,160,00453,16-- Annotations: TE - Transmission Equipment, TE&M - TE and Maintenance IL COLO costs – Cost for collocation of In-Line transmission equipment, if not included in fibre acquiring costs, Lighting cost = TE&M cost + IL COLO cost Tr. cost (transmission cost) per year and meter = Lighting cost per year and meter + fibre cost per year and meter

22. 4th CEF Networks workshop 22 Improvements in Customer Empowered Fibre Networks Transmission costs per meter per year Photonic lighting example Lighting budget table PoP APoP B Number of lambdas Number of spans TE costs (kE) Use time (year) TE costs per year (kE/y) TE&M costs per year (kE/y) IL COLO cost (kE/y) Lighting per year (kE/y) Lighting per m per y (E/m/y) Tr. Cost per m per y (E/m/y) RigaDaugavpils27119340440,00440,191,51 Daugavp.Rezekne1193330,0030,031,35 RigaJelgava21173660,0060,121,44 JelgavaLiepaja1351317190,00190,101,42 RigaVentspils24 68 323250,00250,121,44 RigaValka2468323250,00250,121,44 JelgavaJoniškis111715110,0010,036,03 T o t a l 1121349 1121230 --