1. Lack of Proficiency or Experience Limited Computer Proficiency Limited English Proficiency A Lack of Background Experience with Libraries or Size of Library “A challenge is the lack of previous experience/mindset in these areas.” “Some students do not use libraries in their own language (or country), which makes it harder.”

2. Power Distance and Attitude Towards Uncertainty “I suppose there could be a lot of potential in collaborating with the librarians. It would be beneficial to the students because they would not be so reluctant to ask people for help. I think many times students don’t know what or who to ask for help, so they don’t do anything.”

3. Cultural Nuances of the Idea of Intellectual Property “...helping (students) to understand plagiarism and how to avoid it paraphrasing adequately”

4. Style Differences ● Cognitive Style ● Learning Style ● Communication Style

5. Attitudes ● Perceived Relevance ● Preconceived Notions of Librarians

6. “I think [IEP faculty] should reach out to the librarians more. [At our school], they are more than happy to give talks to classes and help them in any way that they can, but it's important for [IEP] staff/faculty to take the initiative to reach out to them.” “Instruction sessions are solely scheduled on an as-needed basis by individual instructors contacting me, so I never know if students have perhaps been through other library sessions when they come. Though I am the formal liaison to that program, I find that I am constantly working to figure out who the new instructors are in order to market what the library has to offer them. I do not enjoy much support from their program director...and there is no formal library instruction program embedded in the [IEP] program.” Communication and Partnering

7. Same concepts, different names Academic Preparation = Information Literacy

8. The biggest challenge reported by librarians and IEP instructors “This takes time and needs to be integrated into almost every aspect of learning here to be truly effective.” TIME

9. So what needs to be done?

10. Integrate Language Learning and Information Literacy “It could also be a two-way street; ILC instructors train librarians in how to speak to int'l students (slow down, repeat and paraphrase, watch those idioms, watch those obscure cultural references, etc.)”

11. What information literacy skills are found in the academic preparation goals of IEPs?

12. Library Information Literacy Framework Scholarship as Conversation Research as Inquiry Authority is Constructed and Contextual Information Creation as a Process Searching as Strategic Exploration Information has Value

13. However... American students have/are assumed to have basic library skills when they enter university They have been raised in this library system International students don’t have this advantage The library world is currently focused on the larger theoretical concepts of the Framework The IEP students still need the library skills Adaptation of Framework theory to skills Go from low level → high level = skills → theory

14. IEPs are trying to train students in: Finding and Evaluating Information ● Choosing and Communicating Appropriate Information ● Managing the Reading Load that Accompanies Research ● Supporting the Development of Critical Thinking Skills ● Sequencing Information/Analysis, Structure, Order ● Avoiding Plagiarism/Using Appropriate Citations ● Adjusting to American Academic Rhetorical Conventions ● Writing Academic Papers/Effectively Supporting a Position ● Content-Based Problem Solving ● Decision-Making through Informed Public Discussion, Debate, and Free Speech Meanwhile...