1. 1 As Clinical Anatomy RADIOLOGY

2. COURSE GOALS  Understand basics of image generation.  Relate imaging to gross anatomy.  See clinical relationship to basic science.  Appreciate constraints and limitations.  Develop imaging vocabulary.

3. RADIOLOGIST ROLE  Separate: Normal from Abnormal  Characterize / Describe: Abnormality  Determine: Extent (stage) of disease  Suggest: Diagnosis / Differential  Recommend: Further exams / follow-up 4

4. PROJECTION -VS- TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGE 6

5. 7 FOOT AP PROJECTION (ANTERIOR - POSTERIOR) RT

6. 8 LATERAL FOOT

7. 9 TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES ARE IN A SPECIFIC PLANE SAGITTALAXIALCORONAL RT

8. 10 CT- HEAD CT REFERENCE FILM Skull / brain RTRT

9. RADIOLOGY TOOLS 11 X- RAY ULTRASOUND NUCLEAR MEDICINE MAGNETIC RESONANCE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

10. HOW IS IMAGING DONE?  IONIZING RADIATION X-ray, CT, Nuclear Medicine  SOUND WAVES Ultrasound  MAGNETIC FIELDS / RADIO WAVES Magnetic Resonance 12

11. X- RAY  High Energy Photon --Kilo Electron Volts  Ionizing Radiation  Exposes Film / Detector  Projection Data 13

12. X-RAYS PLAIN FILM RADIOGRAPHY  Chest  Mammography  Abdomen  Spine  Extremities & Joints  Skull 14

13. 15  Air  Soft Tissue  Fat  Bone X - RAY --- FOUR BASIC DENSITIES

14. CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY  Injection, ingestion, or other placement of opaque material within the body.  Improves visualization and tissue separation.  Can demonstrate functional anatomy and pathology. 16

15. 17 UPPER GI --(GASTRO INTESTINAL ) BARIUM ENEMA RECTAL BARIUM CONTRAST WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or scout film STOMACH COLON ORAL BARIUM CONTRAST

16. 18 INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAM – IVP INTRAVENOUS IODINE CONTRAST ARTERIOGRAM INTRAARTERIAL IODINE CONTRAST WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or scout film

17. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY  HIGH ENERGY PHOTON  IONIZING RADIATION  EXPOSES DETECTOR  TOMOGRAPHIC DATA 19

18. SCAN LEVEL CT EXAMPLE RT

19. NUCLEAR MEDICINE  High Energy Photon  Ionizing Radiation --Radiopharmaceutical  Exposes Detector  Projection Data  Dynamic / Physiologic 21

20. NUCLEAR MEDICINE EXAMPLES  Hepatobiliary 22  Ren al  Bone

21. ULTRASOUND  Sound Wave - high Frequency  No Ionizing Radiation  Transmitter / Receiver  Tomographic Data 23

22. ULTRASOUND EXAMPLES Gallbladder Kidney Obstetrics 24

23.  Hydrogen Protons In a Magnetic Field  Radio Wave Signal Transmission  No Ionizing Radiation  Tomographic Data 25 MAGNETIC RESONANCE

24. MAGNETIC RESONANCE EXAMPLES  Brain 26  Spine  Knee RTRT

25.  Multiple Choice - Identify  Labeled Images From Digital Film Sets And Lecture Images 27 RADIOLOGY EVALUATION

26. 28 X- Ray Plain Film Scout Film Radiograph Computed Tomography Cat Scan CT Nuclear Medicine Nuc Med Ultrasound Sono Sonogram Magnetic Resonance MR MRI You will hear and see these abbreviations used frequently in the medical community.

27. SUMMARY  TOMOGRAPHY- VS- PROJECTION IMAGES  SECTION PLANES AXIAL CORONAL SAGITTAL  IMAGE GENERATION OF: Nuclear Medicine Computed Tomography Ultrasound X-ray Magnetic Resonance 29