1. Document that explains the chosen concept to the animator

2. Clarification Dynamics and Limiting Flux Design approach for clarifier area requirement in the sludge thickening of wastewater treatment Authors Professor Suparna Mukherji Subject: ES 639 : Physicochemical Treatment Technologies

3. Learning Objectives After interacting with this Learning Object, you will be able to: State the concept of flux and clarification dynamics

4. Definitions and Keywords Gravity Flux (N B ° ) - Flux of solids moving downwards due to hindered settling N B ° = C i × V s, where C i is the concentration of solids and V s is the settling velocity Underflow Flux (N u ° ) - Flux of solids due to the bulk flow of recyclable sludge N u ° = C i × u, where u is the underflow velocity Total flux (N s ° ) = Gravity flux + Underflow flux Solid handling Capacity (N L ° ) - Flux of solids at which all the solid particles reach the bottom of clarifier 5 3 2 4 1

5. Definitions and Keywords C f - Solid concentration of clarifier feed C u - Solid concentration of the clarifier underflow Underflow rate is the rate at which sludge is recycled - Q r Overflow rate is the feed rate to the clarifier- Q f 5 3 2 4 1

6. Master layout or diagram Make a schematic diagram of the concept Explain the animator about the beginning and ending of the process. Draw image big enough for explaining. In above image, identify and label different components of the process/phenomenon. (These are like characters in a film)‏ Illustrate the basic flow of action by using arrows. Use BOLD lines in the diagram, (minimum 2pts.)‏ In the slide after that, provide the definitions of ALL the labels used in the diagram 5 3 2 4 1 INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE

7. Master layout or diagram You may have multiple master layouts. –In this case, number the master layout. ( e.g. Master layout 1)‏ – Each Master layout will be followed by the step wise description of the animation related to it. 5 3 2 4 1 INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE

8. Master Layout 1 5 3 2 4 1

9. Step 1: 1 5 3 2 4 Audio Narration (if any) ‏ DT1 At Ci =0, gravity flux NB°= 0, DT2 As concentration increases, NB° increases to a peak and then decreases as Vs approaches 0 Show the graph with labels but without C f, C L and C u label The black line starts from point ‘0’ As the black line starts moving towards the highest point show C f label As the black line starts to coming down show C L label As the black line starts moving towards the end point show C u label (DT) Text to be displayed (if any) ‏ Description of the action/ interactivity T1: Gravity Flux 0

10. Master Layout 2 5 3 2 4 1

11. Step 2: 1 5 3 2 4 Audio Narration (if any) ‏ DT1 At Ci =0, underflow flux Nu°= 0, DT2 As concentration increases, Nu° increases proportionately Show the graph with labels but without C f, C L and C u label The red line starts from point ‘0’ As the red line starts moving show ‘C f ’ label As the red line starts moving from C f to C L show ‘C L ’ label As the red line starts moving from C L to C u show ‘C u ’ label. (DT) Text to be displayed (if any) ‏ Description of the action/ interactivity T1: Underflow Flux

12. Master Layout 3 5 3 2 4 1

13. Step 3: 1 5 3 2 4 Audio Narration (if any) ‏ DT1 Total flux Ns° is the sum of gravity flux and underflow flux Show the graph with labels but without C f, C L and C u label The red, black and pink lines start together from point ‘0’ As the red, black and pink lines start moving show ‘C f ’ label As the red black and pink lines start moving from C f to C L show ‘C L ’ label As the red black and pink lines start moving from C L to C u show ‘C u ’ label. (DT) Text to be displayed (if any) ‏ Description of the action/ interactivity T1: Total Flux

14. Master Layout 4 5 3 2 4 1

15. Step 4: 1 5 3 2 4 Audio Narration (if any) ‏ DT1 The lowest point in the sagged portion of total flux line is the limiting flux Show the previous fig in step 3. Draw dotted line from the pink line to the y axis as shown. Than show N L o label. (DT) Text to be displayed (if any) ‏ Description of the action/ interactivity T1: Limiting Flux

16. Master Layout 5 5 3 2 4 1 A

17. Step 5: 1 5 3 2 4 Audio Narration (if any) ‏ DT1 Tangent drawn to the gravity flux curve from the point on X axis corresponding to Cu if extended to Y axis will meet at NL°. This tangent is the underflow rate line. Show the previous fig in step 4. Draw a red dotted line from C u point on x axis to the N L o point on the y axis touching the black line at point ‘A’ (do not show the label ‘A’) ‏ (DT) Text to be displayed (if any) ‏ Description of the action/ interactivity T1: Underflow rate line A

18. Master Layout 6 5 3 2 4 1

19. Step 6: 1 5 3 2 4 Audio Narration (if any) ‏ DT1  The point on the underflow rate line corresponding to C f is the state point.  The flux corresponding to state point should be the applied flux N°app Draw a black dotted line from C f point on x axis to the green line till the red dot. Now show the black dotted line from the red dot to the y axis and Show label N°app. (DT) Text to be displayed (if any) ‏ Description of the action/ interactivity T1: Applied flux

20. Master Layout 7 5 3 2 4 1

21. Step 7: 1 5 3 2 4 Audio Narration (if any) ‏ DT1 The line connecting 0 to the state point is the overflow rate line Draw a blue line from 0 point through the red dot. Show label ORA. (DT) Text to be displayed (if any) ‏ Description of the action/ interactivity T1: Overflow rate line ORA

22. Master Layout 8 5 3 2 4 1

23. 1 5 3 2 4 Audio narration (if any) ‏ When underflow rate or concentration changes, state point shifts and accordingly NL° and overflow rate changes. For lower Cu, flux is lower and overflow rate is higher When underflow rate changes, the slope of underflow line changes and thus Cu also changes. This also leads to change in flux and overflow rate Show graph 1 with all the labels. Refer to graph 2 and shown on graph 1 the C u1 red line with the red dot and dark blue arrow, along with labels. Next referring to graph 2 shown on graph 1 the C u3 red line with the red dot and blue green arrow, along with labels. Show label in dark green Text to be displayed (if any) ‏ Instructions for the animator Interactivity option 1: Step No: 8 CfCf C u1 CuCu C u3 ORA (Q f2 / A) ‏ 2 CfCf C u1 CuCu C u3 ORA (Q f2 / A) ‏ ORA1 ( Q f1 / A) ‏ ORA2 ( Q f3 / A) ‏ 1 2 3 Q f1 < Q f2 < Q f3 Graph 1 Graph 2

24. Explain the process 1 5 3 2 4 In this step, use an example to explain the concept. It can be an analogy, a scenario, or an action which explains this concept/process/topic Try to use examples from day-to-day life to make it more clear You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a series of moving images. Keep the examples simple to understand, and also to illustrate/animate.

25. Analogy / Scenario / Action 1 5 3 2 4

26. Stepwise description of process The goal of the document is to provide instructions to an animator who is not a expert. You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a moving visualization. Use one slide per step. This will ensure clarity of the explanation. Add a image of the step in the box, and the details in the table below the box. You can use any images for reference, but mention about it's copyright status The animator will have to re-draw / re-create the drawings Add more slides as per the requirement of the animation 1 5 3 2 4

27. Animation design Please see the design template provided in the next slide. This is a sample template, and you are free to change as per your design requirements. Try and recreate the sections/subsections as shown in the template. 1 5 2 4 3

28. Want to know more… (Further Reading) ‏ Definitions Formula with derivation (if any) ‏ Graphs/Diagram (for reference) ‏ Animation Area Test your understanding (questionnaire) ‏ Lets Learn! Concepts Assumptions (if any) ‏ Lets Sum up (summary) ‏ Instructions/ Working area Radio buttons (if any) ‏ Drop down (if any) ‏ Sliders/Value inputs/Drop down (if any) ‏ IO1 or IO2 (interactivity options) ‏ EnterPlay/pauseRestart Feedback below the animation What will you learn If any of them are not mentioned in the document then delete Credits

29. Interactivity and Boundary limits In this section, you will add the ‘Interactivity’ options to the animation. Use the template in the next slide to give the details. Insert the image of the step/s (explained earlier in the Section 3) in the box, and provide the details in the table below. The details of Interactivity could be: Types: Drop down, Slider bar, Data inputs etc. Options: Select one, Multiple selections etc Boundary Limits: Values of the parameters, which won’t show results after a particular point Results: Explain the effect of the interaction in this column Add more slides if necessary 1 2 5 3 4

30. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE A small, (5 questions) questionnaire can be created in the next slide, to test the user's comprehension. This can be an objective type questionnaire. It can also be an exercise, based on the concept taught in this animation. Please give the answer key also. Questionnaire for users to test their understanding

31. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Questionnaire for users to test their understanding Please provide a set of questions that a user can answer based on the LO. –These questions can be of objective type (like MCQ, Match the columns, Yes or No, Sequencing, Odd One Out) ‏ –The questions can be open-ended. The user would be asked to think about the question. The author is requested to provide hints if possible, but a full answer is not necessary. –One can include questions, for which the user will need to interact with the LO (with certain parameters) in order to answer it.

32. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Please make sure that the questions can be answered by interacting with the LO. It is better to avoid questions based purely on recall. Questionnaire for users to test their understanding

33. Questionnaire 1. Which flux has a larger value? Answers: a) Gravity fluxb) Underflow fluxc) Total fluxd)‏ None of the above 2. From which curve’s slope you determine underflow rate? Answers: a) Total flux curveb) Underflow curvec) Gravity flux curved) Limiting flux line 3. State point is the interception point of underflow rate line and which line? Answers: a) Overflow rate lineb) Limiting flux linec) Gravity flux curved)‏ total flux line 1 5 2 4 3

34. Questionnaire 4. What happens overflow rate when underflow concentration decreases? Answers: a) Increasesb) Decreases c) Does not changed)‏ None of the above 5. Applied flux should be lower than Answers: a) Gravity flux b) Underflow flux c) Limiting fluxd)‏ Underflow concentration 1 5 2 4 3

35. Links for further reading Reference websites: Books: 1) Process dynamics in environmental system, Weber, Walter J.,DiGiano, Francis A., New York : John Wiley, 1996 2) Physicochemical processes for water quality control, Weber, Walter J., New York : John Wiley, 1972 3) Wastewater engineering : treatment, disposal, reuse, 2nd ed, Metcalf, Leonard/Eddy, Harrison P., New Delhi : Tata McGraw-Hill, 1979 Research papers:

36. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Please provide points to remember to understand the concept/ key terms of the animation The summary will help the user in the quick review of the concept. Summary

37. Summary: As concentration increases, NB° (gravity flux) increases to a peak and then decreases as Vs approaches 0. As concentration increases, Nu° (underflow flux) increases proportionately. Total flux Ns° is the sum of gravity flux and underflow flux. The lowest point in the sagged portion of total flux line is the limiting flux. Underflow rate line is a tangent drawn to the gravity flux curve from the point on X axis corresponding to Cu if extended to Y axis and it meets at NL°. The point on the underflow rate line corresponding to C f is the state point. The flux corresponding to state point should be the applied flux N°app. The line connecting 0 to the state point is the overflow rate line. When underflow rate or concentration changes, state point shifts and accordingly NL° and overflow rate changes. For lower Cu, flux is lower and overflow rate is higher. When underflow rate changes, the slope of underflow line changes and thus Cu also changes. This also leads to change in flux and overflow rate