2. SEMINAR FOXTROT Group 2 LTC RUFFY LTC MAGALLANES LTC DE SAGON LTC MERCADO LTC GRAYDA CDR RUIZ LTC CANDELARIO LTC LIMET CARL VON CLAUSEWITZ

3.  Strategy  Concept and Use of Center of Gravity  Theory – “Defense as the stronger form of war”  Features of War  Addressing Irregular and Unconventional Warfare  Clausewitzian Influence in 21 st Century Scope of Presentation

4. Strategy Strategy is the use of an engagement for the purpose of war  Use of engagement- great consideration on its fighting force.  Strategist must define an aim for the operational side

5. Strategist Work  Draft the plan, determine the series of actions intended to achieve it  Shape the individual campaigns  Individual engagement In short, strategist must maintain control throughout

6. CHARACTERIZATION OF STRATEGIC THEORY  Study the engagement in terms of results  Moral and psychological forces  Deals with planning; components of war and their interrelationship

7. Elements of Strategy Strategic elements that affect use of engagement: MoralIntellectual and psychological qualities PhysicalSize of the armed forces MathematicalAngle lines of operations, movements GeographicalInfluence of terrain StatisticalSupport and maintenance

8. Strategy Are the definitions too broad?  For strategy and strategic theory - YES

9. Strategy If so then why did Clausewitz take this approach?  Destruction of the enemy was the aim of strategy ; war as bloodshed  Other factors were being considered such as political leaders, condition in the battlefield and values of protaganists  Battle may be actual, potential or possible

10. Center of Gravity  Focal point where forces of gravity converge  Centripetal force that binds organizations  COG is neither a strength or a weakness  An equilibrium that when off set all other elements will not function

11. Center of Gravity  Valid only if enemy possesses sufficient unity & interdependence  A blow directed against COG will have the greatest effect  Specific effect: Collapse of the enemy

12. Defense as Stronger Form of War  Easier to hold ground than taking it  Advantages of waiting and advantages in position  Defense – preservation (troops are intact) Offense – conquest (troops are thinly dispersed

13. Pillars of Defense  Militia  Fortresses  People  People in arms  Allies

14. Advantages of Defense  Cover and concealment  Shorter lines of supply  Time  Preparation of the terrain “… the natural course in war is to begin defensively and end by attacking.”

15. Main Factors in Strategic Effectiveness  Terrain  Surprise  Concentric attack  Fortresses  Popular support  Moral factors

16. Features of War Among the important features of war not discussed by Clausewitz were the ff:  Naval and Air Warfare because all of his works concentrated on land warfare  The limited role of technology in warfare (Revolution in Military Arms)  Ideology in warfare (i.e. religious extremism, fascism)

17. Irregular and Unconventional Warfare Conditions for Effective Uprising:  Must be fought in the country’s interior  Must not be decided by a single stroke (decisive battle)  Theater of operations must be large  National character must be suited to that type of war  Country must be rough & inaccessible because of difficult terrain

18. Irregular and Unconventional Warfare One must therefore think of a general insurrection within the framework of a war conducted by the regular Army and coordinated in one all-encompassing plan

19. Irregular and Unconventional Warfare Deny the five conditions to develop and the irregular and unconventional warfare will not be effective

20. Clausewitzian Influence in 21th Century Is there a Clausewitzian influence on modern civilian military leadership’s decision-making and views of war? “War is merely the continuation of policy by other means.”

21. Clausewitzian Influence in 21th Century Clausewitz Concept: “If war is part of policy, policy will determine its character. As policy becomes more ambitious and vigorous, so will war, and this may reach the point where war attains its absolute form.” Influence: Aggressive conduct of war. Nazi-German expansionist policy Japanese militarism policy

22. Clausewitzian Influence in 21th Century Clausewitz Concept: “The probable character and general shape of any war should mainly be assessed in the light of political factors and conditions” Influence: “War against Al Qaeda”

23. Clausewitzian Influence in 21th Century Clausewitz Concept: “It follows from all this that a strategic attack with a limited objective is burdened with the defense of other points that the attack itself will not directly cover––far more burdened than it would be if aimed at the heart of the enemy’s power.” Influence: “Baghdad,Iraq; National Guard”

24.  Strategy  Concept and Use of Center of Gravity  Theory – “Defense as the stronger form of war”  Features of War  Addressing Irregular and Unconventional Warfare  Clausewitzian Influence in 21 st Century Summary

25. ?