1. PROGRSS REPORT EMBU J.O.Ouma 1, J.Oduol 1,F.M.Murithi 2 __________________________ 1 Regional Research Centre – Embu 2 KARI – Headquarters – Nairobi

2. Background to study area  3 locations, 12 sub-locations and covers an area of 197.1 km 2.  The study locations are Gaturi North and Ngandori.  Kianjuki and Kavutiri extension units are in Gaturi North, while Mukangu and Manyatta are in Ngandori location. The major zones are UM1 and UM2. UM1 is the coffee – tea zone.

3. Background….cont’d  It lies at an altitude 1590m to 1830m above sea- level and annual rainfall is between 1400mm to 1830mm. Two rainy seasons – long rains (mid March to July) and short rains (mid October to December). The Climatic conditions are favorable for coffee, tea and maize.

4. Background….cont’d  Upper Midland 2(UM2) is the main coffee zone).

5. ACHIEVEMENTS  Retracing of households, replacements and supplemental households  Implementation of surveys (module 1 part 1 and 2), data entry and cleaning and preliminary analysis

6. Tracing households 99 out of 113 households intereviewed in the baseline survey of 1998 were identified. Out of the 99 households identified, one migrated to a different location from the study area reducing the number of households traced to 98. This gives a sample attrition rate of 13.3%.

7. Tracing household…..cont’d The 14 housholds that were not identified in Manyatta and Kianjuki extension units were replaced. In Kianjuki 11 households were replaced including 2 supplemental households while in Manyatta extension unit 4 households were replaced including 2 supplemental households. In Mukangu and Kavitiri extension units only supplemental households were added to the list of farmers to be interviewed.

8. Tracing households…..cont’d The replaced households were randomly selected from a list of farmers generated for each sublocation by the local extension staff and sub-chiefs/sub-area.

9. Tracing of households Extn unitNo hh inter. 1998 No hh ident. No hh avail 2002 No resp avail 2002 No resp. dead No resp separated with spouse No resp Left hh Manyatta2925 23101 Kavutiri29 25112 Kianjuki28181715200 Mukang u 27 25011 Total113999888424

10. Survey implementation  Module 1questionnaire for long rains data 2002 was divided into two parts  Questions covered in module one part 1- household demographics, assets, livelihood and shocks 116 farmers responded  Questions in module 1 part 2 - crop production(annual), livestock inventory,input and output market and consumption expenditure 115 farmers responded One farmer dropped out in part 2 because… ‘You are taking too much of my time and no benefit’

11. Survey data entry  Data entry for module 1 part 1 and 2 is complete and data cleaning in progress  The expenditure data was entered as a separate file and data cleaning is not complete

12. SURVEY PRELIMINARY RESULTS

13. Preliminary results Gender of household(627 responses) Males - 51% Female – 49 % Level of education(626) None – 16.3 % Primary – 48.7 % Secondary – 27.0 % Middle level – 7 % University – 1 % Type of dwelling house  mud wall+thatched -0.9%  mud wall+corrugated- 19.1%  Wood wall+corrugated- 69.6 %  Stone wall+corrugated – 10.4 %

14. Preliminary results…cont’d Source of energy _____ Firewood- 67 % Firewood +kerosene – 17.4 % Firewood+charcoal – 12.2% Firewood+solar – 0.9 % Firewood+kerosene+gas – 2.6% Source of water ________ Tap – 54.4 % River/stream – 22.8% Borehole – 0.9 % Tap + river – 21.1 % Borehole +river – 0.9 %

15. Preliminary results….cont’d Crops grown Cropcounts% Maize16430 beans12222.3 Irish potatoes7513.7 Sweet potatoes213.8 Cassava61.1 Kales20.4 Cabbages50.9 Tomatoes50.9 na14626.7

16. Preliminary results…cont’d Livestock enterprise Typeyesnominmaxmean cattle68.731.3031.0 sheep1387060.3 goats27.872.2050.6 pigs1.798.3--- poultry81.718.30214.8

17. Preliminary results ….cont’d Land holding minmaxmean Total farm owned 0.055.311.02 Total farm cultivated -4.080.97

18. Preliminary results…cont’d current land use counts% cultivated17087.2 fallow73.6 pasture105.1 woodlot42.1 Napier grass31.5 homestead10.5

19. Preliminary results….cont’d Land allocation ________  Maize0.42 ha  Beans0.21 ha  Irish potatoes0.10 ha  Others0.29 ha ___________

20. Preliminary results…cont’ soil fertility status counts% Has improved alot4911.9 Has improved little19547.3 Has not changed8620.9 Has deteriorated little8019.4 Has deteriorated alot10.2 412

21. Preliminary results….cont’ reasons for changes in fertility counts% Changed fallow practices458.7 Changed fertilization practices34266.2 Increased soil erosion336.4 Improved soil conservation519.9 Continuous cultivation81.5 Soils normally poor214.1 Lack of manure152.9

22. Preliminary results Financial stock Access to lending inst.  Yes – 80.9 %  No – 19.1 % ______________ Major lending institution is Cooperative ________________ Application for loan  Yes – 43.5 %  No – 56.5 Saving with formal banking inst  Yes – 74.8 %  No – 25.2 % _______________ Average mount borrowed KSH 2000-320,000 Mean – 45,585.17

23. Survey implementation – Module 2  Pre-testing done  Questionnaire divided into two parts  Part 1 – food crops and perennial crop production  Part 2 – agroforestry trees production, household incomes, expenditures and investment

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