1. Gymnosperms Spruces, Pines, etc.

2. Review From Friday What are the characteristics of Kingdom Plantae? What is true only of Bryophytes? What is true of Bryophytes and Ferns? What is the specialized tissue present in most plants(not mosses)?

3. Looking Forward Today: Talk about gymnosperms and angiosperms Tomorrow: Activity on Mosses and Ferns and Monocots and Dicots Wednesday: How to: Dichotomous Keys Thursday and Friday: Keying trees around school.

4. Today’s Plan Collect Formal Conclusions (with questions) from DNA lab Pass back Yeast Lab Go over answers Review Gymnosperms Discuss Angiosperms – Differences between Monocots and Dicots

5. Yeast Lab Inhibit: – 1. To hold back; restrain. See Synonyms at restrain. restrain – 2. To prohibit; forbid. – 3. Psychology To suppress or restrain (behavior, an impulse, or a desire) consciously or unconsciously. – 4. a. Chemistry To prevent or decrease the rate of (a reaction). – b. Biology To decrease, limit, or block the action or function of (an enzyme or organ, for example).

6. What are gymnosperms? Greek for “naked seeds” 700-900 species of gymnosperms Sporophyte generation is dominant – Has a short lived gametophyte phase, which is similar to Angiosperms

7. Types of Gymnosperms Pine, Spruce, fir, cedar, ginko Gymnosperms are used for manufacturing soaps, varnish, paints, perfumes

8. Ohio Gymnosperms Pinus strobus L. White Pine. Pinus virginiana Mill. Scrub Pine. Thuja occidentalis L. Arborvitae. Other Common Gymnosperms: Colorado Spruce, Norway Spruce, Scotch Pine, Hemlock, Juniper

9. Characteristics of Gymnosperms Pine-like Needles – Adapted for colder, dryer climates-thick cuticle, small surface area Sporophyte begins to grow in the cone-not as vulnerable Male and Female pinecones are present on 1 trees – Male cones are more commonly seen on top of the tree, female cones are farther down

10. How does Reproduction Happen Pollen lands on the female cone, gets drawn inside and germinates. Sperm nuclei pass down tube and one fertilizes egg The zygote grows into a sporophyte still inside the female gametophyte which is inside the seed coat

11. Ginkos and Cycads These look much different than the rest of the Gymnosperms Ginkos used to be much more prevalent than they are today. – Ginko Biloba is the only Ginko species still alive used for memory enhancement, altitude sickness, symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and reduction of chemotherapy-induced end-organ vascular damage. (still being tested) One of the most widely sold herbal supplements in the US

13. ANGIOSPERMS

14. What’s an Angiosperm Most common land plants Covered seed-seed is encompassed inside fruit These plants have true roots, stems (shoots), flowers, and leaves Separated into 2 groups: Monocots and Dicots

15. Monocots -vs- Dicots

16. Monocot -vs- Dicot

19. Monocots

21. Angiosperms of Ohio Monocots: – Corn – False Garlic – White Trillium Official state flower of Ohio

22. Angiosperms of Ohio Dicots – Maple – Elm – Oak – Beech Tree – Buckeye Tree State tree