1. Printing: This poster is 48” wide by 36” high. It’s designed to be printed on a large-format printer. Customizing the Content: The placeholders in this poster are formatted for you. Type in the placeholders to add text, or click an icon to add a table, chart, SmartArt graphic, picture or multimedia file. To add or remove bullet points from text, just click the Bullets button on the Home tab. If you need more placeholders for titles, content or body text, just make a copy of what you need and drag it into place. PowerPoint’s Smart Guides will help you align it with everything else. Want to use your own pictures instead of ours? No problem! Just right-click a picture and choose Change Picture. Maintain the proportion of pictures as you resize by dragging a corner. Leukapheresis: Revolutionizing Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment Ashley Janosko and Pamela Keller A BREAKDOWN BLOOD Red Blood CellsPlatelets and PlasmaWhite Blood Cells Oxygen carriers Deliver hemoglobin for tissue repair Lack of red blood cells leads to fatigue and shortness of breath Platelets clot hemoglobin cells to form scar tissue Plasma is the liquid that carries necessary nutrients throughout the body Produce antibodies needed to fight disease Have ability to differentiate between native and alien tissue ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA Attacks bone marrow where white blood cells are formed Creates uncontrollable amounts of malformed (cancerous) white blood cells Overcrowded blood stream leads to organ failure, infection, hemorrhage, and eventually, death LEUKAPHERESIS PROCEDURE DIAGRAMS AverageAML Patient Red Blood Cells40% Slight decrease in cells, overall lower percentage Platelets5% Slight decrease in cells, overall lower percentage Plasma54% Slight decrease in cells, overall lower percentage White Blood Cells1%30% Blood Component Percentage Step 1: Blood Collection Dual Needle Process: one needle in each arm The first needle collects blood and transports it to the centrifugation chamber of the Leukapheresis Machine Step 2: Blood Centrifugation Blood is thinned with citrate for more effective separation Blood components are separated by densities White blood cells take up a very small section—an aspiration device is placed at their precise height for better collection Step 3: COBE Spectra Filtration Specialized membrane with small tubes large enough to let red blood cells through, but not white blood cells Further, heightened separation of white blood cells Added pressure can possibly clog tubes Step 4: Blood Return Blood without white blood cells is returned to the patient There is still citrate in the blood which can possibly harm the patient Saline is pumped in to eliminate some symptoms Patient is given donor white blood cells to prevent disease Step 2: Blood Centrifugation Step 3: COBE Spectra Filtration RESEARCH TIMELINE SUSTAINABILITY (OF LEUKAPHERESIS) YearStudy 2000 Studied patients with AML and hyperleukocytosis (high levels of white blood cells), and showed that combined treatment with leukapheresis and chemotherapy works better. White blood cell count was significantly reduced in 60% of patients. 2002 Studied the effect of large volume leukapheresis on children diagnosed with AML that weighed under 44 pounds. The results showed that treating children in this manner leads to severe side effect and minimal health improvements. 2007-2009 Studied AML patients over 2 years, half of which were treated with a combination of leukapheresis and chemotherapy. The other half was treated with just chemotherapy. It was determined that after 21 days, patients treated with leukapheresis had a better chance of survival. After it’s completion, this study influenced many hospitals to include leukapheresis in their treatment plans. By being a sustainable process, leukapheresis greatly improves patient’s quality of life. Benefits Shortens treatment time Allows for freer lifestyle Lower in cost Less risk Downfalls Large amounts of blood thinner put into the body No movement during the procedure Healthy white blood cell destruction