1. Heredity Summative Test

2. 1. Brown, red, blonde color hair is an example of _______________________ 2. If you selectively breed two dogs that are homozygous dominant for a trait, their offspring will be examples of ______________ 3. Humans producing tomatoes that are large, flavorful, and durable would be an example of __________________________ 4.What is the phenotype for an organism that has a dominant and recessive allele (Tt)? _____________ Phenotype Purebred Selective Breeding Hybrid

3. 5.A recessive trait is represented by two ______________________ 6.If you cross-pollinate a tall pea plant with a short pea plant the offspring would be _______________________ 7.Which one would be an example of a trait that a dog would inherit from it’s parent? Presence of fleas in fur; color of fur; habit of barking outside 8. Different forms of a trait that a gene may have are called ____________________ Lowercase letters Heterozygous allele

4. 9. Factors that can affect a person’s height is ______________________________________ 10.If an individual is heterozygous for a certain trait they have _____________________________________ 11. Human sex cells have _____________ individual chromosomes. 12. When a permanent change happens in a gene or a chromosome, the result is a _________________________ 13.In DNA, cytosine base always pairs with _______________ Genes and Environmental Factors One dominant and one recessive allele 23 Mutation Guanine

5. 14.DNA is also called ________________ is essential to living organisms because it ___________________________________ 15.What type of gene causes traits that are less likely to occur? _________________________ 16.What type of gene causes traits that are more likely to occur? _______________________ 17.When a cell of a plant stem divides, each new cell has: _____________________________ 18.Complete a punnett square with a cross between two people with genotypes of Bb Hereditary Material Carries the genetic code A Recessive Gene A Dominant Gene The same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

6. 19.An example of Regeneration _______________________________________ 20.What is the best explanation of what genes do? ____________________________________ 21.Which of these is due entirely to inheritance in humans? ________________________________________ 22.The chances of developing cancer, diabetes, or sickle cell anemia are higher if a family member also has the disorder because they are ____________________________________ A lizard re-growing a lost tail Genes provide the blueprint to produce our traits. Broken Bones; Reading Skills; Endurance; Eye Color Genetically based

7. 23.Mendels early work with pea plants demonstrated a significant genetic discovery. He discovered that tallness in pea plants was a trait that was ______________________. 24.New yeast grows on a parent yeast organism, and breaks off when it is ready to form a new separate organism. What kind of reproduction is this an example of? __________________ 25.There is a farm of peacocks. Some of the eggs of peacocks when hatched turned out to be white peacocks instead of blue. White were worth more than the blue peacocks. So if you want to raise more white peacocks you should…. ___________________________________________ Dominant Asexual Reproduction Isolate the white peacocks and allow only them to breed with each other.

8. 26.How much genetic material is found in a cloned cell as compared to the original cell. _____________________________ 27.The physical expression of a genetic trait is called _________________________. 28. The gene for brown hair in human is ________________ over red hair. 29.Why might you have brown eyes and I have green/blue eyes? ______________________ 30.If both parents have brown eyes but their child has blue eyes, how can this happen? __________________________________________ 31.If bushy eyebrows is dominant and two parents with bushy eyebrows have a baby, what can you predict about the eyebrows of your baby… ________________________________________________ Same amount Phenotype Dominant We have different combination of genes for eye color. Both of the child’s parents carry a gene for blue eyes. The baby will most likely have bushy eyebrows.

9. 32.The genetic expression of a genetic trait is called_________________________ 33.Genes are carried on the _________________ 34.Offspring of organisms that reproduce sexually ______________________________________ 35.The process of an organism passing on its traits to its offspring is called__________________ 36.What is the chances of having an offspring with homozygous recessive trait if the father is homozygous dominant and the mother is heterozygous dominant? Complete a punnett square….__________ Genotype Chromosomes Have some genetic traits of both parents, but are not exactly like either. Heredity 0 %

10. 37.A tool used to determine the probability that a trait will be passed on to its offspring is a ________________________________ 38.If you take cuttings from a tree to grow new trees, what is true about the offspring of trees produced from this cuttings? _________________________________________ 39. Poodles like all dogs are closely related to wolves and can breed with them. If this is so what is the best explanation for why wolves do not look alike? ____________________________________ Punnett Square The offspring are clones of the parent tree and should look very similar. Poodles have been selectively bred for specific traits.

11. 40.Single cell organisms can reproduce and create cells exactly like themselves. What is this called? _____________________________ 41.Complete Punnett Squares for the following: Black hair- B Orange Hair b parents: Bb and bb Purple flower-P White flower-p parents: Pp and Pp (what percentage of offspring will have purple flowers) T-Tall t-short parents: Tt and Tt 42.Cows have good tasting meat; buffalo can tolerate hot and cold temperatures. Farmers cross these two animals and call it a beefalo. What characteristics would the beefalo have? _____________________________________________ Asexual reproduction Animals with good tasting meat that can tolerate both hot and cold temperatures.

12. 43.DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is also called _______________________________ 44.If an organism has 14 chromosomes in it’s body cell, how many will it have in its sex cells? ____________ 45. How does DNA bases match up? Adenine to ____________; Cytosine to _________ 46. If an organism has 11 chromosomes in it’s sex cells, how many chromosomes will it have in each body cell? _______________ Hereditary Material 7 Thymine Guanine 22