1. Vocabulary Omniscient Narrator: knows everything that happens and why. Outside observer who can tell you what each character is thinking and feeling. Characterization: is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character. Direct Characterization tells the audience what the personality of the character is. Example: “The patient boy and quiet girl were both well mannered and did not disobey their mother.”

2. Indirect Characterization shows things that reveal the personality of a character. 5 types: (mnemonic device) Speech What does the character say? How does the character speak? Thoughts What is revealed through the character’s private thought s and feelings? Effect on others toward the character. What is revealed through the character’s effect on other people? How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character? Actions What does the character do? How does the character behave? Looks What does the character look like? How does the character dress?

3. Foreshadowing: literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story. Creates suspense: dialogue beginning of story title of story Irony: a figure of speech -words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. It may also be a situation that may end up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated. it is a difference between the appearance and the reality.

4. “The Interlopers” by Saki Imagine you are in a dark forest on a winter night, hunting an enemy – who just happens to be your neighbor. Now suppose that your neighbor is hunting you, too. What makes people who should be friends become fierce enemies? Who is the loser in this story’s deadly fight? Pay attention to the information the narrator gives you about the two characters’ past.