1. The Audio-Lingual Method(ALM) Goals and Techniques
Lecture # 8

2. Review of the last lecture
Language forms occur naturally within a context.
No Room for Native language/MT
To provide students with a native-speaker like model
Language learning is a process of habit formation
It is important to prevent learners from making errors.
Positive Reinforcement helps the students to develop correct habits.
Student should learn to respond to both verbal and nonverbal stimuli
Pattern practice helps students to form habits which enable the students to use the pattern.

3. Goals
Teachers want their students to be able to use the target language communicatively.
Overlearning →automatically without stopping to think
Forming new habits through overcoming the old habit.

4. Teacher Role/Student Role
The teacher is like an orchestra leader.
Providing students with a good model for imitation.
Students are imitators.

5. Characteristics of the teaching/learning process
New vocabulary and structural patterns are presented through dialogs.
Dialogs– learning through imitation and repetition
Positively reinforced
Grammar is induced from the examples.

6. Student-teacher interaction/ student-student interaction
Interaction is teacher-directed
Student-student interaction →Chain drills and dialogues

7. The view of language/ the view of culture
The view of language → be influenced by descriptive linguists.
Each level( phonological, morphological…)has its own distinctive patterns.
Everyday speech is emphasized.
The level of complexity of the speech is graded.

8. What areas of language are emphasized
What areas of language are emphasized? What language skills are emphasized?
Vocabulary is kept to a minimum while the students are mastering the sound system and grammatical patterns.
The natural order of skills presentation is adhered to : listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
The oral/aural skills receive most of the attention .

9. The role of native language
The habits of the students’ native language are thought to interfere with the students’ attempts to master the target language.
The target language is mostly used in the classroom instead of the native language.

10. Evaluation Nature: discrete-point
→each question on the test would focus on only one point of the language at a time.
Ex: students might be asked to distinguish between words in a minimal pair.

11. Deal with errors
Students errors are to be avoided if at all possible through the teacher’s awareness of where the students will have difficulty and restriction of what they are taught to say.

12. Techniques Dialog Memorization Backward Build-up Drill
Repetition Drill
Chain Drill

13. Techniques Single slot Substitution Drill
Multiple Slot Substitution Drill
Transformation Drill

14. Techniques Transformation Drill Question-and-answer Drill
Use of Minimal Pairs
Complete the Dialog
Grammar Game

15. Brainstorming
Check your understanding of The Audio-Lingual Method

16. Summary Who would summarize this lecture for me. Try…..
You can easily do it…
Come on…don’t be hesitant.
Remove this hesitation
You are future’s TEFL teachers/trainers