1. The Human Brain

2. Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain
Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes.
-Makes up 80% of our brain
Cerebrum
Cerebellum

3. Cerebral Cortex - The outermost layer of gray matter making up the superficial aspect of the cerebrum.
Cerebral Cortex

4. Cerebral Features: Gyri – Elevated ridges
Sulci – Small grooves dividing the gyri
Fissures – Deep grooves, generally dividing large regions/lobes of the brain
Longitudinal Fissure
Divides the two Cerebral Hemispheres
Transverse Fissure
Separates the Cerebrum from the Cerebellum

5. Gyri (ridge)
Sulci (groove)
Fissure
(deep groove)

6. Longitudinal Fissure
Transverse Fissure

7. Corpus Callosum Connection of nerves between the two hemispheres
Helps left and right hemispheres talk to each other! (“crosstalk”)
Avidly used by guitar players!

8. Lobes of the Brain (4)
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

9. Frontal Lobe
The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Frontal Bone of the skull.
It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions:
- Memory Formation
- Emotions
- Decision Making/Reasoning
- Personality

10. Frontal Lobe - Cortical Regions
Primary Motor Cortex
involved with controlling movements of the body.
Broca’s Area
Controls facial neurons, speech, and language comprehension
Broca’s Aphasia – Results in the ability to comprehend speech, but the decreased motor ability (or inability) to speak and form words.
Olfactory Bulb
Responsible for sensation of smell

11. Primary Motor Cortex
Broca’s Area
Olfactory Bulb

12. Parietal Lobe
The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Parietal Bone of the skull.
It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:
- Senses and integrates sensations
Spatial awareness and perception

13. Parietal Lobe - Cortical Regions
Primary Somatic Sensory Cortex
Site involved with processing of tactile and proprioceptive information.
Primary Gustatory Cortex
Primary site involved with the interpretation of the sensation of Taste

14. Primary Somatic Sensory Cortex
Primary Gustatory Cortex

15. Occipital Lobe
The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located deep to the Occipital Bone of the Skull.
Its primary function is the processing, integration, interpretation, etc. of VISION and visual stimuli.

16. Occipital Lobe – Cortical Regions
Primary Visual Cortex
This is the primary area of the brain responsible for sight -recognition of size, color, light, motion, dimensions, etc.

17. Primary Visual Cortex Regions
Modified from:

18. Temporal Lobe
The Temporal Lobes are located on the sides of the brain, deep to the Temporal Bones of the skull.
They play an integral role in the following functions:
Hearing
Organization/Comprehension of language
Information Retrieval (Memory and Memory Formation)

19. Temporal Lobe – Cortical Regions
Primary Auditory Cortex – Responsible for hearing
Primary Olfactory Cortex – Interprets the sense of smell once it reaches the cortex via the olfactory bulbs
Wernicke’s Area – Language comprehension
- Wernicke’s Aphasia – Language comprehension is inhibited. Words and sentences are not clearly understood, and sentence formation may be inhibited or non-sensical.

20. Primary Auditory Cortex
Wernike’s Area
Primary Olfactory Cortex

22. Lobes and Structures of the Brain
A. Central Sulcus
B. Frontal Lobe
C. Sylvian/Lateral Fissure
A. (groove) G.
D. Temporal Lobe B. F.
E. Transverse Fissure
F. Occipital Lobe
C. (groove)
G. Parietal Lobe E. D.
(groove)

23. Cerebellum Found below the occipital lobe
Coordinates body movements and balance
Often responsible for learned behaviors
Ex: Riding a bike

24. Cerebellum

25. Diencephalon Also called the “interbrain” Superior to the brain stem
Includes the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Epithalamus

26. The Brain Stem Approximately the size of your thumb 3 parts Midbrain
Vision, hearing, sleep cycles, temperature regulation
Pons
Regulates breathing
Medulla Oblongata
Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing
Controls reflexes for coughing, sneezing, & vomiting