1. REGIONS OF THE BRAIN
PART I

2. Regions of the Brain cerebrum (cerebral hemisphere) diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum

3. Cerebrum (cerebral hemisphere)
largest, obscures most of brain stem
looks like mushroom cap
made up of 2 deeply grooved hemispheres - left and right
Surface is covered by:
- grooves - fissures or sulci
- ridges - gyri or convolutions which serve as landmarks

5. Cerebrum (con’t) concerned with higher brain functions
Contains centers for:
- interpreting sensory impulses
- initiating voluntary muscular movements
stores information of memory
utilizes information in reasoning processes
functions in determining a person’s intelligence and personality

6. Left Hemisphere More important for: - right-hand control
- spoken and written language
- numerical and scientific skills
- reasoning

7. Right Hemisphere More important for: - left-hand control
- musical and artistic awareness
- space and pattern perception
- insight and imagination
*Corpus Collosum (fibrous tract that connects left and right hemispheres)

9. Lobes each hemisphere is subdivided into 4 lobes
named for cranial bone that covers them
more precisely defined by surface landmarks, i.e., sulci and fissures

10. Lobes (cont.)
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
frontal lobe

12. DIENCEPHALON Above brainstem Major structures: Thalamus Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

15. Thalamus
Crude recognition whether a sensation will be pleasant or unpleasant

16. Hypothalamus Floor of diencephalon Regulates
Body temperature, Water balance
Metabolism
Emotions (Limbic System: thirst, appetite, sex, pain, pleasure)
Pituitary Gland (growth, sex hormones)

19. Epithalamus
Pineal Body: gland that secretes melatonin (regulates body’s day/night cycle)
Peak levels at night make us drowsy

22. Choroid Plexus: knots of capillaries that form CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

24. BRAIN STEM
Major Structures:
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

26. Midbrain
Cerebral peduncles (little feet of cerebrum): convey ascending and descending impulses

28. Corpora quadrigemina (four gemini (twins)) -reflex centers involved with vision and hearing

29. Pons
“bridge”
Mostly fiber tracts
Involved in the control of breathing

31. Medulla Oblongata Most inferior part of brain stem
Merges into spinal cord
Contains centers that control:
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Breathing
Swallowing
vomiting

33. CEREBELLUM Dorsal from occipital lobe Two hemispheres
Outer cortex: gray matter
Inner region: white matter

34. CEREBELLUM Provides precise timing for skeletal muscle activity
Controls balance and equilibrium (fibers connected to inner ear, eye, proprioceptors)
If damaged, movements become clumsy (ATAXIA)