1. Well-Being of the EMT-Basic Part 2 Introduction to Infectious Disease Control & Prevention Southside Regional Fire Academy Navy Regional Fire-Rescue Hampton Roads

2. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 2 Methods of Transmission Bloodborne –Blood –O.P.I.M. (other Potentially Infectious Materials) Airborne Fecal-Oral

3. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 3 Bloodborne Transmission Blood Body fluids visibly contaminated with blood Body Fluids (visibly contaminated or not) –Saliva, semen, vaginal secretions –Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid –Amniotic fluid Unfixed organs or tissues

4. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 4 INJECTION –Needle sticks, broken glass, sharp objects OTHER DIRECT CONTACT –Splashing of fluids into open cut or sore; mucous membranes of eyes, nose, mouth INDIRECT CONTACT –Touching a contaminated object/surface, then touching mouth, eyes, nose, open wound Bloodborne Transmission

5. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 5 Aerosolized droplets spread into the air when patient… –Coughs –Speaks –Gags or vomits –Is suctioned –Sneezes Airborne Transmission

6. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 6 Results from improper hand washing/hygiene –After a bowel movement, bacteria is transmitted to food or objects via the hands. Fecal-Oral Transmission

7. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 7 Does contact with BIOHAZARD material always lead to infection? How old is pathogen? How extensive is contamination? Length & route of exposure… How quick was decontamination? Severity of exposure… Virulence of pathogen… Health of EMT… Prophylactic drugs… CONTAMINATION EXPOSURE INFECTION

8. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 8 Disease Transmission Facts INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS –Hepatitis B…bloodborne Swelling, soreness, loss of function of the liver. Viral syndrome (weakness, fatigue, malaise, fever, headache, anorexia, nausea) Abdominal pain Jaundice Or… No symptoms at all (chronic carrier state) –85% of patients recover in 6-8 weeks –Will always carry virus once infected

9. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 9 HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) –Affects white blood cells of the immune systems and renders them ineffective in preventing disease. –Illness & death occurs from Opportunistic Infections such as pneumonia. –Causes Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome (AIDS) –Initial symptoms are non-specific Viral syndrome Night sweats, weight loss Gland, muscle, & joint pain Disease Transmission Facts

10. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 10 HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) Bloodborne transmission. May take up to a year for virus to show up in a routine HIV blood test. Patient may have no symptoms for many years, resulting in inadvertent transmission to multiple sex partners. Disease Transmission Facts

11. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 11 TUBERCULOSIS –Airborn, spread by droplets –Pulmonary infection with symptoms developing within 2-10 weeks. –Causes areas of “scar tissue” to develop in lungs, leading to loss of pulmonary function. Disease Transmission Facts

12. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 12 Suspect T.B. when… –Crowded living conditions (jails, military) –Has close relative with active T.B. –Person who: Has HIV On immunosuppressive drugs Prolonged steroid therapy IV drug users –Recently had positive TB skin test. Disease Transmission Facts

13. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 13 Suspect T.B. when… –Undiagnosed pulmonary or respiratory infection –Viral syndrome, night sweats, weight loss –Productive cough (green or yellow sputum) –Coughing up blood –Difficulty breathing –Respiratory failure Disease Transmission Facts

14. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 14 Other Infectious Diseases Meningitis Chicken Pox (varicella) Syphilis Cooties (head & body lice) Disease Transmission Facts Adult Female Pubic Louse

15. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 15

16. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 16 Prevention Frequent employee education Hazard Communication PPE Labeling all infectious waste Frequent hand washing Cleaning equipment between patients Biohazard Label

17. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 17 Latex or vinyl gloves… The minimum PPE for every patient contact. Prevention

18. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 18 For splash hazards and large amounts of fluids… –Eye protection –Face mask –Gown, apron, or turnout gear –Shoe covers Prevention

19. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 19 Highly infectious respiratory diseases… –Tuberculosis –Meningitis HEPA (high-efficiency particulate) respirator Prevention

20. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 20 Disinfect equipment between patients… –Reusable PPE is permitted –Dilute bleach solution, or commercial disinfectant Prevention

21. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 21 Verify immune status Hepatitis B Vaccination (series of 3 shots, and titer) Varicella immunity? Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) skin testing (at least annually) in advance Prevention—in advance

22. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 22 Questions ?

23. Infectious Disease Control & Prevention 23 Navy Regional Fire-Rescue Hampton Roads Our 380-person career department serves military installations and surrounding communities of Southside Hampton Roads and the Peninsula from 17 stations on 11 separate installations. To provide comments or suggestions for this slide program, contact EMS Training at (757)433-2065 or janneyj@nasoceana.navy.mil.janneyj@nasoceana.navy.mil For general information about our department, contact our headquarters at Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek at (757)462-7761. For information on how to apply for a career position with our department, check out the Navy’s human resources website at www.donhr.navy.mil where you can download a “JobKit” and submit your resume electronically.www.donhr.navy.mil