1. Good Governance (1) الحكم الرشيد )1(

2. Governance الحكم “The manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s social and economic resources for development” (World Bank) الطريقة التي تُمارس بها السلطة في إدارة موارد البلد الاجتماعية والاقتصادية من أجل التنمية "( البنك الدولي ) “The exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels …” (UNDP) " ممارسة السلطة الاقتصادية والسياسية والإدارية لإدارة شؤون بلد ما على جميع المستويات ” ( برنامج الأمم المتحدة الإنمائي )

3.  Governance can be used in several contexts such as:  corporate governance الحكم في قطاع الشركات  international governance الحكم الدولي  national governance الحكم الوطني  local governance الحكم المحلي  The concept of governance is closely linked to the working of the nation-state الدولة القومية or its governing capacityقابليتها للحكم.

4. Hard Stateالدولة الصلبة  It sets priorities تضع الأولويات  It executes them تنفذها.  Actual administration is based on rational bureaucratic principlesتستند الإدارة الفعلية على مبادئ بيروقراطية عقلانية Soft State الدولة الرخوة  Administrators usually defy laws and regulations. الإداريون غالبا ما يتحدون القوانين واللوائح.  Officials & administrators collude to stop implementation of public policies. يتواطأ المسؤولون والإداريون لإيقاف تنفيذ السياسات العامة.  Corruption is widespread. الفساد مستشري  Erosion of the rule of law and accountability. تآكل سيادة القانون والمساءلة.

5. Types of Governance أنواع الحكم Autocratic Participative استبدادي تشاركي VS. Involved Empowering انخراطي تمكيني

6. Areas of governance مجالات الحكم  Civil society المجتمع المدني  Political society المجتمع السياسي  Government الحكومة  Bureaucracy البيروقراطية  Economic society المجتمع الاقتصادي  Judiciary السلطة القضائية

7. What is Good Governance?ما هو الحكم الرشيد؟  ‘Good governance’ means competent management of a country’s resources and affairs in a manner that is open, transparent, accountable, equitable and responsive to people’s needs. "الحكم الرشيد" يعني الإدارة المؤهلة لموارد البلد وشؤونه بطريقة مفتوحة وشفافة وخاضعة للمساءلة ومنصفة ومستجيبة لاحتياجات الناس.  ‘Good governance’ refers to the management of government in a manner that is essentially free of abuse and corruption, and with due regard for the rule of law. الحكم الرشيد يشير إلى إدارة الحكم بطريقة خالية أساسا من سوء الاستخدام والفساد، ومع المراعاة الواجبة لسيادة القانون.

8. Anlysis of good governance can look at any of the following relationships: between governments and markets بين الحكومة والاسواق between governments and citizens بين الحكومة والمواطنين between governments and the private sector بين الحكومة والقطاع الخاص between elected officials and appointed officials بين المسؤولين المنتخبين والمسؤولين المعينين between local institutions and urban and rural بين المؤسسات المحلية والمواطنين في الحضر والأرياف residents between legislature and executive branches بين السلطات التشريعية والتنفيذية between nation states and institutions. بين الدول والمؤسسات

9. Executive السلطة التنفيذية Legislature السلطة التشريعية Judiciary السلطة القضائية Auditor General’s Office مكتب المدقق العام Anti- Corruption Commission هيئة مكافحة الفساد Election Commission هيئة الانتخابات Civil Service Pillars of good governance أعمدة الحكم الرشيد Political Parties Civil Society Civil Service الخدمة العامة Media

10. Political Principles of Good Governance المبادئ السياسية للحكم الرشيد 1.The establishment of a representative and accountable form of government انشاء حكومة ذات تمثيل وخاضعة للمساءلة. 2.A strong and pluralistic civil society, where there is freedom of expression and association. المجتمع مدني قوي وتعددي، حيث هناك حرية التعبير وتكوين الجمعيات. 3.Good institutions – sets of rules governing the actions of individuals and organisations and the negotiation of differences between them. مؤسسات جيدة – هناك مجموعة من القواعد التي تحكم تصرفات الأفراد والمنظمات و تتفاوض بشأن الخلافات بينهما. 4. The primacy of the rule of law, maintained through an impartial and effective legal system. سيادة حكم القانون، من خلال الحفاظ على نظام قانوني نزيه وفعال 5. A high degree of transparency and accountability in public and corporate processes. A participatory approach to service delivery is important for public services to be effective. درجة عالية من الشفافية والمساءلة في العمليات المتعلقة بالشأن العام وبالشركات. ونهج قائم على المشاركة في تقديم الخدمات أمر مهم للخدمات العامة لتكون فعالة.

11. 8 Characteristics of Good Governance 8 خصائص للحكم الرشيد

12. 1.Participation المشاركة  All men and women should have a voice in decision- making, either directly or through legitimate intermediate institutions that represent their interests. Such broad participation is built on freedom of association and speech, as well as capacities to participate constructively. ينبغي لجميع الرجال والنساء أن يكون لهم صوت في عملية صنع القرار، سواء بشكل مباشر أو من خلال مؤسسات وسيطة شرعية تمثل مصالحهم. مثل هذه المشاركة الواسعة يجب أن ترتكز على حرية تكوين الجمعيات وحرية التعبير، فضلا عن القدرات على المشاركة بطريقة بناءة.

13. 2. Rule of law سيادة القانون  Legal frameworks should be fair and enforced impartially, particularly the laws on human rights. Impartial enforcement of laws requires an independent judiciary and an impartial and incorruptible police force. ينبغي أن تكون الأطر القانونية عادلة ويتم تنفيذها بدون تحيز، وخصوصا تلك القوانين المتعلقة بحقوق الإنسان. التطبيق النزيه للقوانين يتطلب وجود سلطة قضائية مستقلة وقوة شرطة محايدة وغير قابل للفساد.

14. 3. Transparency الشفافية  Transparency is built on the free flow of information. Processes, institutions and information are directly accessible to those concerned with them, and enough information is provided to understand and monitor them. تقوم الشفافية على التدفق الحر للمعلومات. فالعمليات والمؤسسات والمعلومات يمكن الوصول إليها مباشرة من قبل المعنيين بها، ويتم توفير معلومات كافية لفهمها ومراقبتها.

15. 4. Responsiveness الاستجابة  Good governance requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe. الحكم الرشيد يتطلب أن تقوم المؤسسات والعمليات بخدمة جميع أصحاب المصلحة في إطار زمني معقول.

16. 5. Consensus oriented تنحى تجاه الإجماع  Good governance mediates differing interests to reach a broad consensus on what is in the best interest of the whole group and how this can be achieved. يتوسط الحكم الرشيد بين المصالح المختلفة من أجل التوصل إلى اجماع واسع حول ما هو في مصلحة الجماعة ككل ، وكيف يمكن تحقيق هذا.

17. 6. Equity and inclusiveness الإنصاف والشمولية  A society’s well-being depends on ensuring that all its members feel that they have a stake in it and do not feel excluded from the mainstream of society. This requires all groups, but particularly the most vulnerable, have opportunities to improve or maintain their well being. رفاهية المجتمع تعتمد على ضمان أن جميع أعضائه يشعرون بأن لهم مصلحة في ذلك، ولا أحد يشعر بأنه مستبعد من التيار الرئيسي للمجتمع. هذا يتطلب من جميع الفئات، ولا سيما الأكثر ضعفا، أن تتاح لهم الفرصة لتحسين أو المحافظة على رفاههم.

18. 7. Effectiveness and efficiency الفعالية والكفاءة  Good governance means that processes and institutions produce results that meet the needs of society while making the best use of resources at their disposal. الحكم الرشيد يعني أن العمليات والمؤسسات تؤدي إلى نتائج تلبي احتياجات المجتمع وتحقيق أفضل استخدام للموارد المتاحة لديها.

19. 8. Accountability المساءلة  Decision- makers in government, the private sector and civil society organizations are accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders. This accountability differs depending on the organization and whether the decision is internal or external to an organization صناع القرار في الحكومة والقطاع الخاص ومنظمات المجتمع المدني يخضعون للمساءلة أمام الجمهور، وكذلك لأصحاب المصلحة من المؤسسات. هذه المساءلة تختلف تبعا للمنظمة وعما إذا كان القرار هو داخلي أو خارجي لتلك المنظمة.  Accountability cannot be enforced without transparency and the rule of law. لا يمكن أن تطبق المساءلة من دون الشفافية وسيادة القانون.

20. Obstacles of Good Governance معوقات الحكم الرشيد 1.Ignorance الجهل 2.Corruption الفساد 3.Politicization of administration تسييـس الإدارة 4.Weak democratic institutions ضعف المؤسسات الديموقراطية 5.Ineffective parliament برلمان غير فعال 6.Absence of the rule of law غياب سيادة القانون 7.Absence of meritocracy غياب الجدارة

21. Activities 3 TRUE / FALSE: Indicate whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F): 1. ( ) Good governance involves reaching a broad consensus between differing interests 2. ( ) Good governance refers to the management of government in a manner that is in the best interest of the ruling class. 3. ( ) The concept of governance is closely linked to the workings of the nation-state 4. ( ) Transparency is based on the idea of the free flow of information. 5. ( ) In the soft state, corruption is controlled and there is efficient management of the state. 6. ( ) One of the main obstacles to good governance is weak democratic institutions. 7. ( ) Good governance emphasizes that the rights of the majority are only respected. 8. ( ) The hard state is a state which sets priorities clearly and implements them. 9. ( ) Accountability cannot be reached without transparency and the rule of law 10. ( ) In good governance, men only must be granted broad participation in the different levels of the state's management.

22. 2)- Provide a term for the following definitions: 1. …………………………………………………… Good governance requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe. 2. …………………………………………………… The exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels. 3. …………………………………………………… Decision- makers in government, the private sector and civil society organizations are accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders. 4. …………………………………………………… the management of government in a manner that is essentially free of abuse and corruption, and with due regard for the rule of law. 5. …………………………………………………… A society’s well-being depends on ensuring that all its members feel that they have a stake in it and do not feel excluded from the mainstream of society.

23. 3)- Complete the sentences below with a word from the list: representative – rule – judiciary – Corruption – consensus – institutions 1. Good governance means that processes and ……………………………………… produce results that meet the needs of society 2. Impartial enforcement of laws requires an independent …………………………………………………… and an impartial and incorruptible police force. 3. One of the political principles of good governance is to establish a …………………………………………………… and accountable form of government. 4. In a soft state, …………………………………………………… is widespread. 5. Good governance mediates differing interests to reach a wide …………………………………………………… on what is in the best interest of the whole group. 6. The absence of the …………………………………………………… of law is a serious obstacle to good governance.

24. 4)- Translate into English : 1. تختلف الدول المتقدمة عن الدول النامية في أنها تطبق مبادئ الحكم الرشيد بفاعلية كبيرة. ……………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………… 2. تتمتع الدولة التي لديها حكم رشيد بمستويات عالية من الشفافية والمساءلة وسيادة القانون واستقلال القضاء. ……………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………

25. 5)- Translate into Arabic : 1. Freedom of the press and expression is important in countries which adopt principles of good governance. ……………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………… 2. An important characteristic of good governance is responsiveness where all institutions and administrations see their goal to serve the public efficiently. ……………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………

26. 6)- Match the words in List (A) with words that relate to them in List (B) A B 1. private_____ a. state 2.local _____ b. making 3.democratic _____c. of law 4.civil _____d. governance 5.nation_____e. policies 6.Ineffective _____f. institutions 7.decision_____g. parliament 8.broad _____h. sector 9.public _____ i. consensus 10. rule _____ j. society

27. 7)- Rearrange the following to make meaningful sentences: 1.governance - processes - produce - meet - the - of - Good - that - and - means - needs - society - that - results - institutions ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… 1.obstacles - governance - institutions - and - weak - good two - of - important - parliament - ineffective - democratic - are ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………

28. 8)- Put each of the following words in a sentence: 1.corruption …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… 1.participation …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………

29. 9)- Complete the following news report based on the words from the list: sector – accountability – assistance – countries – economic – reforms –efficiency – imbalances Good governance is important for ………………………… at all stages of development. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has long provided advice and technical ………………………… that has helped to strengthen good governance, such as promoting public ………………………… transparency and …………………….…… Traditionally the IMF’s main focus has been on encouraging countries to correct economic ………………………… reduce inflation, and undertake important trade, exchange, and other market ………………………… needed to improve ………………………… and support sustained ………………………… growth.

30. 3=Israel-Gaza Conflict Intensifies Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said Israel is prepared to send troops into Gaza if Hamas does not stop firing rockets into Israel. Despite growing pressure for Israel to end its strikes, Mr. Netanyahu made it clear to world leaders that Israel would consider all options to defend itself from attacks from Gaza. He also stated his hopes for a ceasefire to avoid an invasion of Gaza, which would likely lead to an escalated death toll. Netanyahu said any end of air strikes would depend on Hamas ending its bombardment of Israel's cities. Sources say as many as 100 rockets a day are fired across the border, some reaching Tel Aviv. Air raid sirens sounded in Jerusalem for the first time in decades.

31. Israel said it still has hundreds of targets to hit and is targeting those associated with Hamas. It already destroyed the Hamas prime minister's office. The death toll from the conflict has now claimed the lives of more than 50 Palestinians and three Israelis. Dozens more have been injured, many of them civilians. An Israeli military spokesperson said Israeli forces had targeted close to 1,000 sites in Gaza, while Hamas has launched more than 400 missiles into Israel. The Israeli government also approved the call-up of 75,000 reservists in preparation for a ground offensive. Diplomatic efforts are underway as regional leaders are meeting in Cairo in an attempt to stop the situation from further getting out of control.

32. Questions 3 1- TRUE/FALSE: Read the text and check if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F): 1.( ) Israel's prime minister is considering sending soldiers into Gaza. 2. ( ) Netanyahu has so far refused to speak with other world leaders. 3. ( ) Netanyahu says a ceasefire could happen if Hamas stops firing rockets. 4. ( ) Almost 100 rockets have reached Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. 5. ( ) Israel said it still has around 100 more targets it wants to hit. 6. ( ) Israeli forces have so far hit around 1,000 sites in Gaza. 7. ( ) Israel has asked 7,500 reserve troops to prepare to enter Gaza. 8. ( ) Leaders from neighboring countries are talking in Cairo about solutions.

33. 2- PHRASE MATCH: Match the following phrases from the article 1. stop the situation _____ a. sirens 2. prepared _____ b. with Hamas 3. consider options _____ c. reservists 4. air raid _____ d. to send troops 5. the death toll _____ e. from getting out of control 6. targeting those associated _____ f. to defend itself 7. diplomatic efforts _____ g. from the conflict 8. call-up of _____ h. underway

34. 3. SYNONYM MATCH: Match the following synonyms from the article: 1. prepared ______ a. alternatives 2. options ______ b. tens of years 3. troops ______ c. give the OK 4. offensive ______ d. shelling 5. associated with ______ e. ready 6. Civilians ______ f. wounded 7. approved ______ g. attack 8. bombardment ______ h. related to 9. injured ______ i. soldiers 10. decades ______ j. citizens

35. 4. Choose the correct answer: 1. What is Israel's prime minister prepared to send into Gaza? _________________________ 2. To whom did Benjamin Netanyahu make his intention clear? _______________________ 3. What would Netanyahu consider? _____________________________________________ 4. What would an invasion of Gaza lead to a rise in? ________________________________ 5. Where did air raid sirens sound for the first time in decades? _______________________ 6. How many more targets does Israel want to hit? _________________________________ 7. How many sites has Israel already targeted? ____________________________________ 8. How many reserve troops has Israel called up? __________________________________ 9. What is getting out of control? _______________________________________________ 10. Why are regional leaders meeting in Cairo? ____________________________________

36. 5- Find an opposite to the following words: 1. send x ………………… 2. stop x ………………… 3. end x………………… 4. out of control x ………………… 5. destroy x ………………… 6. death x ………………… 7. intensifies x ………………… 8. approved x …………………

37. 6- Put each of the following words in a sentence: 1.borders :……………………………………………………………………… 2. Conflict : …………………………………………………………………… 7- Translate the following: 1. استهدفت قوات الاحتلال الاسرائيلي عدة مواقع في غزة ورفح إلا أن المقاومة الفلسطينية ردت بإطلاق عشرة صواريخ على مناطق داخل أراضينا المحتلة عام 1948 ………………………………………………………………………………... …………………………….…………………………………………………... …………………….........……………………………………………………... Best Wishes 2015