2. WORTH:

3. 100 200 300 400 500 Ottoman Empire The Maritime Powers Poland and Austria Prussia Russia Successful and Un-Successful Paths to Power

4. WORTH: What was the Dutch East Indies Company? This was the company that had shares that were traded on the Bourse and controlled the Netherlands Sea-borne Empire and helped bring huge amounts of money to the Republic. 100 200 300 400 500 SUBJECT: The Maritime Powers MAIN

5. WORTH: What was the Mississippi Bubble Scandal? This was the scandal that took place in France that was manipulated by John Law, a Scottish gambler and mathematician, and implicated and bankrupted many of most influential people in the Kingdom. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: The Maritime Powers

6. WORTH: Who was Robert Walpole? He is considered Britain’s first Prime Minister who took over after the South Sea Bubble scandal and remained in office by his support of the George I, and II and the patronage system. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: The Maritime Powers

7. WORTH: Who was Cardinal Fleury? He was the advisor to Louis XV and was considered to be the last of the great clerical advisors to the French Kings who helped maintain the peace in France but was unable to solve the financial problems. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: The Maritime Powers

8. WORTH: What was the Tulip? This particular product or crop caused speculation in the Netherlands and eventually led to a scandal of sorts for the Dutch, by spending too much time and money to perfect this cash crop. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: The Maritime Powers

9. WORTH: What were millets? This was the administrative or religious community that the Ottoman sultan used to govern his vast and diverse empire. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Ottoman Empire

10. WORTH: Who were the Dhimmis? These were the people in the Ottoman Empire that were not Muslims but were still tolerated and allowed to live in relative freedom in their communities after paying a jizyah or poll tax. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Ottoman Empire

11. WORTH: Who were the Janissaries? This was the name given to the troops of the Ottoman Empire often recruited from the young boys of the Christian communities on the Balkan Peninsula. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Ottoman Empire

12. WORTH: Who was King John III Sobieski? This was the King of Poland who saved Vienna from an attack by the Ottoman Empire and resulted in the Sultan’s execution of the Ottoman General who waged the unsuccessful campaign. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Ottoman Empire

13. WORTH: Who were the Ulama? These were the religious clerics and scholars who were consulted by Ottoman government officials before making decisions and became more conservative and reactionary as Europe modernized. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Ottoman Empire

14. WORTH: What was the liberum veto? This is what often kept the Polish Diet or Sejm from being effective or even creating any sort of government policy. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN Poland and Austria

15. WORTH: Who was Leopold I of Austria ( Hapsburg)? He was the Austrian Emperor who was able to have his domains in Hungary recognized by the Ottoman Turks and resisted the power of Louis XIV as well as conquer most of the Balkan Peninsula and parts of Romania. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN Poland and Austria

16. WORTH: What was the Pragmatic Sanction? This was the agreement that Charles VI of Austria had the rulers of Europe sign in order to allow his daughter to rule the Austrian Empire. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN Poland and Austria

17. WORTH: What was the Treaty of Carlowitz? This was the Treaty that the Ottoman Turks signed with a League of European nations that opposed them consisting of Austria, Poland, Malta, Venice, Tuscany, and Russia in 1699? 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN Poland and Austria

18. WORTH: What was the Crown of St. Wenceslas in the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Crown of St. Stephen in Hungary? These are the two crowns that Austria secured making them part of the Austrian Empire and yet also pointed out some of the problems of ruling a diverse religious, multinational and multicultural Kingdom. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN Poland and Austria

19. WORTH: Who were the Junkers – Yumpin Yiminy it’s the Yunkers These were the nobles of Prussia who agreed to follow the Hohnezollern rule in exchange for absolute power over their serfs. 100 200 300 400 500 SUBJECT: Prussia MAIN

20. WORTH: Who was Frederick William I? He was the Prussian leader who increased the size of the Prussian army to become one of the largest in Europe and formed the General Directory to improve the efficiency of his government. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Prussia

21. WORTH: Who was Frederick William (The Great Elector) ? He was the ruler of Brandenburg – Prussia in 1640 – 1688 who was the first to begin to consolidate Hohenzollern lands into what would become the nation state of Prussia. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Prussia

22. WORTH: What was Silesia? This was the rich mining area of the Austrian Empire that was seized by Frederick II ( The Great) and started the War of the Austrian Succession. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Prussia

23. WORTH: What was Pomerania? ( land of little yappy lapdogs) This was the German province that was partially lost to Sweden after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, but Prussia was compensated by receiving three new bishoprics and the arch- bishopric of Magdeburg when it became available. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Prussia

24. WORTH: Who were the streltsy? These were the guards of the Moscow garrison who revolted and almost overthrew the weak Russian government in 1682. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Russia

25. WORTH: Who was Peter the Great? This was the Russian Tsar who traveled to western Europe in order to learn shipbuilding expertise and military hardware in disguise as a poor 6’ 9” giant. ( hard to disguise that) 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Russia

26. WORTH: What was shave their beards, replace their fur hats and big robes and curved shoes? This is what Peter the Great encouraged nobles to do in order to look more western. (often by force). 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Russia

27. WORTH: What was the Great Northern War 1700-1721 ? This is the war that Peter the Great fought against Sweden in his drive to secure a port on the Baltic Sea. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Russia

28. WORTH: What was the Table of Ranks? This was Peter the Great’s administrative reform that attempted to enlist state support of the Russian boyars and base a nobles social position on their service to the state. 100 200 300 400 500 MAIN SUBJECT: Russia