1. Bridges
AIM

2. Some Uses of Bridges Walkways Highways/Roads Railways Pipelines
Connecting lands
Crossing rivers and canyons

3. Types of Bridges
Arch
Truss
Cantilever
Cable-Stayed
Suspension

4. What makes a bridge stay up?
Forces
Compression – a pushing or squeezing force
Tension – a pulling or stretching force
Demonstration
Make groups of two…

5. Arch Bridges
Keystone – the wedge-shaped stone of an arch that locks its parts together
Abutments – the structures that support the ends of the bridge

6. Arch Bridges
Works by
Compression

7. Arch Bridges
Where have you seen these bridges?

8. Cold Spring Arch Bridge, Santa Barbara, CA

9. Marsh Rainbow Arch, Riverton, KS

10. Pont du Gard, Nimes, France

11. Cable-Stayed Bridges Piers – the vertical supporting structures
Cables – thick steel ropes from which the decking is suspended
Decking – the supported roadway on a bridge

12. Cable-Stayed Bridges
Works by Tension AND Compression

13. Cable-Stayed Bridges
Where have you seen these bridges?

14. Zakim Bridge, Boston, MA

15. Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Tampa, FL

16. Sundial Bridge, Redding, CA

17. Suspension Bridges Similar to Cable-Stayed
Different construction method

18. Suspension Bridges
Works by Tension and Compression

19. Suspension Bridges
Where have you seen these bridges?

20. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, CA

21. Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn, NY

22. Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, New York, NY

23. Other Types Truss Southern Pacific Railroad Bridge, Tempe, AZ
Cantilever
Firth of Forth-Forth Rail Bridge, Edinburgh, Scotland

24. Engineering
Engineering – the use of math and science to solve real world problems (like crossing a river)
They come up with creative & practical solutions to technical problems.
Use math & science, such as: physics, geometry, chemistry & algebra
1.6 million jobs in the USA.
Top degrees in college making top salaries upon graduating
Civil Engineer

25. 5 Major Branches of Engineering
Mechanical – design mechanical systems, such as engines, tools, machines and moving parts.
Electrical – design electrical equipment, systems, & electronic products.
Chemical – design processes for mixing chemicals. Using science to convert raw materials & chemicals in to things people can use, such as food & energy products.
Computer – design technology, such as computer hardware and software.
Civil – Designs & builds bridges, buildings, dams, highways, & tunnels.

26. Branches of Civil Engineering
Called the “Mother of all engineering branches. It is the oldest area.
Structural – bridges, roads, buildings
Geotechnical – foundations, excavations, and tunnels
Transportation – roads, traffic control, airports
Environmental – human impact on the environment

27. Engineering Jobs http://educatingengineers.com/career-specialties
Surveyor – someone who uses math to measure the earth’s surfaces.
Architect – someone who designs large structures & provides advice on construction.
Computer - Computer Engineers develop and improve the software programs and hardware that make computers run.
Aerospace - is the study of the design, development, and production of air and spacecraft.
Agricultural Engineer- is also known as biological engineering, and it covers subjects from aquaculture (raising food sources that thrive in water), to land farming and forestry.
Petroleum - specialize in designing and developing technology and methods for digging the earth’s surface to extract oil and gas.

28. The Engineering Design Process
Identify the Problem
Brainstorm possible solutions
Design & Draw a Plan
Create & Build a prototype or model
Experiment & Test it
Evaluate it
Redesign & Improve it

29. Vocabulary Force – a push or pull
Loads – forces that make things move or change positions.
Arch – a curved structure in the shape of a U or upside down.
Structure – a bridge, tunnel, building or object built from different parts.
Innovation – a new product or way of doing something.
Natural Resource – something made from nature: water, stone, or wood
Manmade – something made by humans like plastic or glass.
Evolve – to change or develop slowly over time
Modification – a change
Trial and error – trying first one things, then another and another until something works.

30. Engineering Tools
Level – a tool madewith atubs that holds liquid with an air bubble. Used to measure horizontal plane.
Plane – a flat or level surface
Protractor – a semicircle instrument used to measure and construct angles.

31. Questions?