1. Downloaded from www.avhf.com

2. HOW TO AVOID A GEAR-UP LANDING Presented By Larry Enlow Aviation Safety Inspector Federal Aviation Administration Orlando Flight Standards District Office

3. Downloaded from www.avhf.com ORLANDO FSDO-15 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT SUMMARY 1998 1999 2000 2001 TOTAL ACC. & INC.185 176 147 141 TOTAL GEAR-UP 35 26 19 11 TOTAL TRAINING A & I 60 38 2428 TRAINING GEAR-UP 17 10 4 9 TNG. GEAR-UP WITH CFI 11 10 4 9

4. Downloaded from www.avhf.com WHY DO GEAR-UPS OCCUR ? SUPERFICIAL CAUSE: DISTRACTION OR NO CHECKLIST REAL CAUSE: INADEQUATE FLIGHT TRAINING IN RETRACTABLE GEAR OPERATIONS

5. Downloaded from www.avhf.com DEFICIENCY IN FLIGHT TRAINING CAN BE RESOLVED BY MODIFYING THE INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS USED DURING INITIAL AND RECURRENT RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING OPERATIONS

6. Downloaded from www.avhf.com THIS PRESENTATION IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE AN EXTRAORDINARILY VALUABLE SET OF RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR OPERATIONAL TECHNIQUES THAT WILL PREVENT A GEAR-UP LANDING

7. Downloaded from www.avhf.com RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING CONCEPTS PRIORITIZATION AIRCRAFT OPERATIONAL TASKS AND ASSOCIATED CHECKLIST ITEMS DON’T ALL HAVE THE SAME VALUE AIRCRAFT OPERATIONAL TASKS AND ASSOCIATED CHECKLIST ITEMS DON’T ALL HAVE THE SAME VALUE RETRACTABLE GEAR OPERATIONS HAVE SIGNIFICANT PRIORITY, AND MUST BE EMPHASIZED BY CFI

8. Downloaded from www.avhf.com RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING CONCEPTS POSITIONAL IMPRINTING IMPRINTING MEANS: “TO IMPLANT FIRMLY ON THE MIND OR FIX IN THE MEMORY” POSITIONAL IMPRINTING MEANS: “TO FIX IN THE MEMORY THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POINTS IN SPACE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND THE NEED TO EXTEND OR RECHECK THE LANDING GEAR IN THE DOWN POSITION

9. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN

10. Downloaded from www.avhf.com ABEAM THE TOUCH-DOWN POINT

11. Downloaded from www.avhf.com FIXED DISTANCE MARKERS

12. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GEAR SELECTED DOWN

13. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN

14. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK

15. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SECOND GEAR CHECK ON BASE

16. Downloaded from www.avhf.com THREE GREEN

17. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK SHORT FINAL: FINAL GEAR CHECK

18. Downloaded from www.avhf.com FINAL GEAR CHECK

19. Downloaded from www.avhf.com THREE GREEN

20. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK SHORT FINAL: FINAL GEAR CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS”

21. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN

22. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GLIDE SLOPE INTERCEPT

23. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GLIDE SLOPE INTERCEPT

24. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GEAR SELECTED DOWN

25. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN

26. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2ND GEAR CHECK

27. Downloaded from www.avhf.com THREE GREEN

28. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK

29. Downloaded from www.avhf.com FINAL GEAR CHECK

30. Downloaded from www.avhf.com THREE GREEN

31. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS”

32. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN

33. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR CHECK

34. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK

35. Downloaded from www.avhf.com FINAL GEAR CHECK

36. Downloaded from www.avhf.com THREE GREEN

37. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS”

38. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-STANDARD ARRIVALS VISUAL APPROACHES BASE ENTRIES STRAIGHT-IN ARRIVALS “WHEN YOU START DOWN, PUT YOUR GEAR DOWN”

39. Downloaded from www.avhf.com POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-STANDARD ARRIVALS “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS” MOSTIMPORTANT OF ALL: MOST IMPORTANT OF ALL: FINAL GEAR CHECK

40. Downloaded from www.avhf.com FINAL GEAR CHECK

41. Downloaded from www.avhf.com THREE GREEN

42. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP

43. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GEAR SELECTED UP

44. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE TASK AND CONFIRM GEAR IS DOWN

45. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GEAR SELECTED DOWN

46. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GEAR IN TRANSIT

47. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN

48. Downloaded from www.avhf.com THREE GREEN

49. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE TASK AND CONFIRM GEAR IS DOWN AFTER LANDING, CLEAR RUNWAY, STOP AIRCRAFT, THEN IDENTIFY AND VERIFY EACH ITEM BEFORE MOVING IT

50. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF RETRACTABLE GEAR SYSTEM IS ESSENTIAL TO AVOID A GEAR-UP THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF RETRACTABLE GEAR SYSTEM IS ESSENTIAL TO AVOID A GEAR-UP HOW DOES SYSTEM OPERATE ? HOW DOES SYSTEM OPERATE ? HOW DOES WARNING SYSTEM WORK ? HOW DOES WARNING SYSTEM WORK ? HOW IS SYSTEM PROTECTED FROM INADVERTENT OPERATION ON THE GROUND ? HOW IS SYSTEM PROTECTED FROM INADVERTENT OPERATION ON THE GROUND ?

51. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE HOW TO RESOLVE SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS HOW TO RESOLVE SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS HOW TO CHANGE INDICATOR BULBS HOW TO CHANGE INDICATOR BULBS HOW TO MANUALLY EXTEND GEAR HOW TO MANUALLY EXTEND GEAR PUMP FAILURES PUMP FAILURES ELECTRICAL FAILURES ELECTRICAL FAILURES PARTIAL EXTENSION PARTIAL EXTENSION

52. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GEAR UNSAFE LANDINGS WHEN GEAR IS NOT CONFIRMED SAFE WHEN GEAR IS NOT CONFIRMED SAFE TOUCH DOWN SMOOTHLY TOUCH DOWN SMOOTHLY DON’T APPLY BRAKES DON’T APPLY BRAKES DON’T TURN OFF RUNWAY DON’T TURN OFF RUNWAY STOP STRAIGHT AHEAD STOP STRAIGHT AHEAD EXIT AIRCRAFT & DON’T GET UNDER IT TO SEE IF GEAR IS LOCKED EXIT AIRCRAFT & DON’T GET UNDER IT TO SEE IF GEAR IS LOCKED

53. Downloaded from www.avhf.com GEAR UNSAFE LANDINGS WHEN GEAR IS CONFIRMED UNSAFE WHEN GEAR IS CONFIRMED UNSAFE FOLLOW EMERGENCY CHECKLIST FOLLOW EMERGENCY CHECKLIST LAND ON PAVEMENT, NOT GRASS LAND ON PAVEMENT, NOT GRASS TURN OFF FUEL TURN OFF FUEL TURN OFF MAGS & MASTER SWITCH TURN OFF MAGS & MASTER SWITCH UNLATCH CABIN DOOR UNLATCH CABIN DOOR EXIT AIRCRAFT QUICKLY EXIT AIRCRAFT QUICKLY

54. Downloaded from www.avhf.com ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS TOUCH & GO LANDINGS ? TOUCH & GO LANDINGS ? IDENTIFY AND VERIFYIDENTIFY AND VERIFY DON’T DO TOUCH & GOES WITH GEAR REMAINING DOWN DON’T DO TOUCH & GOES WITH GEAR REMAINING DOWN TRAIN FOR NORMAL FLIGHT OPERATIONSTRAIN FOR NORMAL FLIGHT OPERATIONS RIGHT SEAT TRANSITION RIGHT SEAT TRANSITION CFI BE READYCFI BE READY ARE YOU FIT TO FLY ARE YOU FIT TO FLY FATIGUE OR MENTAL DISTRACTIONS CAN CAUSE FORGETFULNESSFATIGUE OR MENTAL DISTRACTIONS CAN CAUSE FORGETFULNESS

55. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SUMMARY APPLY SIGNIFICANT PRIORITY TO RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR OPERATIONS

56. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SUMMARY DEVELOP AND USE POSITIONAL IMPRINTING APPLY SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES

57. Downloaded from www.avhf.com SUMMARY EVALUATE ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS MAKE SURE YOU’RE FIT TO FLY

58. Downloaded from www.avhf.com

59. THREE GREEN