1.  DISCUSS THE VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY UNDERTAKEN BY PORTUGUESE, SPANISH, FRENCH, DUTCH AND ENGLISH  THE FACTORS CONSTRIBUTED TO THE SUCCESS OF THE VOYAGES  IN WHAT WAYS DID THESE COUNTRIES BENEFIT FROM THESE EXPEDITIONS

2.  Portuguese was the first to find a new sea-route to the east, Expedition was sponsored by Prince Henry  In 1460, Portuguese reached Sierra Leone  In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias reached the Southern Tip of Africa called “The Cape of Good Hope”  In 1498, Vasco Da Gama reached Calicut in India  In 1500, Pedro Cabral discovered Brazil  In 1510, Alfonso D’Albuquerque made Goa in India  In 1511, he captured Malacca then they established trading post at Molucus and at Macau

3. * In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the Atlantic Ocean and discovered America, supported by Queen Isabella * He landed at San Salvador, discovered Cuba then Hispaniola (Haiti). Later he discovered Jamaica & South America * Between 1513-1531 The Spanish sent expeditions to Florida, Mexico and Peru. * Ferdinand Magellan discovered a new sea-route by sailing round Cape Horn in South America, crossed the Passific Ocean and reached Philiphines in 1521 * He was in the services of the Spanish King Charles I (1516-1556) * He was killed by the natives but his sailors returned to Spain by sailing around South Africa

4.  The Dutch decided to go to the East when Lisbon was closed to the Dutch Ships  In 1602, the government formed the Dutch East India Company (VOC) with the aim of securing Eastern Trade  Dutch occupied Betawi in 1619 and form there took control of the numerous islands in the east indies  In 1621, The Dutch West India Company was formed to explore the west  Several island like ST.Martin and part of Guyana became colonies

5. * In 1608, the French established a colony in America, now called Quebec * In 1642, they established a trading post at Montreal, and later at Detroit, ST. Louis and New Orlean * In the West Indies trading posts were opened at Haiti Martinique * In 1664, the French East India Company was formed to trade with the East * In 1674, they opened trading posts at Pondicherry and Chandernagore in India * Competition from the English led to several wars in the 18 th C * The forced the French to withdraw from India

6. * In 1497, John Cabot discovered newfoundland in North America * Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) ordered Francis Drake, John Hawkins and Walter Raleign to seize Spanish colonies in the west indies * Francis Drake began to sail in 1577 and returned in 1580 * By 1733 the English had 13 Colonies on the Atlantic Coast of North America and the colonies became independent of England in 1776 * They formed The East India Company and succeed in establishing territories in India, Burma, Malay States & North Borneo

7. * Good in using the technological tools * The rise of the nation * Getting support from the government

8. * INCREASE IN KNOWLEDGE ESPECIALLY GEOGRAPHY * INCREASE IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE. MANY EUROPEAN CONTRIES BECOME WEALTHY * TRADE BECOME MORE COMPLEX * COMPETITION FOR LAND * COLONIZATION * THEY WERE ABLE TO SPREAD THEIR CULTURE AND RELIGION