1. IP Telephony Voice-Data Convergence

2. What is IP Telephony? Transmit telephone conversations in IP packets sent over the Internet or another network, such as Ethernet, Frame Relay, or ATM carrying IP packets IP Packet

3. IP Telephony Digitize the outgoing voice signal Packetize (place in packets) and send over IP packet-switched networks Reverse at other end Digitize Packetize

4. Why IP Telephony? Save Money Digitizing Voice More Efficiently –Current telephone system also digitizes voice for internal digital communication within the telephone network –Current telephone system generates a stream of 64 kbps, then steals 8 kbps for signaling, leaving 56 kbps –This is a lot of bits to move per second on expensive long-distance and international lines Digitize 64 kbps

5. Why IP Telephony? Save Money Digitizing Voice More Efficiently –With newer technology, IP telephony digitizes voice to between 12 kbps and 16 kbps with good quality –Fewer bits to send means lower transmission cost Digitize 12 kbps- 16 kbps

6. Why IP Telephony? Save Money Packet-Switched Network Delivery –Traditional telephony is circuit-switched –Charged for 56 kbps channels whether use them or not –Packet switching multiplexes transmissions –Only pay for capacity actually used Packetize

7. Why IP Telephony? Save Money Voice-Data Convergence –Corporations now have separate networks for voice and data –This is expensive in terms of staffing labor and technical charges –Voice-data convergence: use one network (IP) for both –Reduces staff and technical costs

8. Why IP Telephony? Save Money: Recap –Efficient digitization to send less than 8 kbps –Multiplexing on packet-switched networks Internet connection is already in place –Voice-data convergence reduces staff, other costs

9. Problem of Latency Packet-Switched Networks Often Have Latency (Delay) Latency is Bad for Voice Conversations –At latency of 200 milliseconds (ms), conversation is difficult because of turn-taking awkwardness –At latency of 500 ms, conversation is impossible –Variable latency from one packet to the next makes voice sound jittery (jitter)

10. Reducing Latency Problem is the Internet Backbone –Often has high latency ISPs Have Lower Latency Internally –May offer service level agreements (SLAs) for latency Site ISP Internet Backbone Internet Backbone ISP Site Often High Latency Usually Low Latency

11. Reducing Latency Solution –Connect all corporate sites to a single ISP –Possible because some ISPs have access points in many places around the country or even around the world Site Single ISP Site SLA for Low Latency

12. Reducing Latency Solution –Connect all corporate sites to a single packet- switched PSDN –Packet-switched PSDNs also have low latency, SLAs Site PSDN Site SLA for Low Latency

13. Evolution of IP Telephony Initially, Only Use Between Sites –Sites already have PBXs (Private Branch Exchanges) to handle internal site telephony –Add IP telephony modules to PBXs –Communicate over the Internet in IP –Use traditional telephony within sites –Saves on long-distance, which is expensive Site

14. Evolution of IP Telephony Initially, Only Use Between Sites –No need to change system within sites –Such changes would be expensive and would not reduce long-distance and international calling charges –Little agreement about what technology to use in internal telephone systems Site

15. Evolution of IP Telephony Eventually, Service to the Desktop –Combine with data service to the desktop –Computer-Telephony Integration (CTI) applications When caller calls in, automatically linked with relevant data To improve applications, not necessarily to save money –Problem: technology is not readily available or standardized

16. IP Telephony Standards Based on H.323 Videoconferencing Standard from ITU-T –For videoconferencing over the Internet or other IP networks IETF, ITU-T have agreed to work together on IP telephony standards

17. Questions about IP Telephony Will it Really Save Money? –Was very promising when long-distance and international costs were very high –But these costs are falling rapidly and will continue to do so –Will it save enough money to be worthwhile? Will it be Sufficiently Reliable? –Ordinary telephony is super reliable –Can IP telephony offer sufficient reliability?