1. 12-1 Chapter 12 Measurement

2. 12-2 Learning Objectives Understand... distinction between measuring objects, properties, and indicants of properties similarities and differences between the four scale types used in measurement and when each is used four major sources of measurement error criteria for evaluating good measurement

3. 12-3 Measurement “If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it.” Bob Donath, Consultant

4. 12-4 Measurement Selecting measurable phenomena Developing a set of mapping rules Applying the mapping rule to each phenomenon

5. 12-5 Exhibit 12-1 Characteristics of Measurement

6. 12-6 Types of Scales Ordinal interval Ratio Nominal

7. 12-7 Levels of Measurement Ordinal interval Ratio Nominal Classification

8. 12-8 Nominal Scales Mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories Exhibits the classification characteristic only

9. 12-9 Levels of Measurement Ordinal interval Ratio Nominal Classification Order Classification

10. 12-10 Ordinal Scales Characteristics of nominal scale plus an indication of order Implies statement of greater than and less than

11. 12-11 Levels of Measurement Ordinal interval Ratio Nominal Classification Order Classification Order Classification Distance

12. 12-12 Interval Scales Characteristics of nominal and ordinal scales plus the concept of equality of interval. Equal distance exists between numbers

13. 12-13 Levels of Measurement Ordinal interval Ratio Nominal Classification Order Classification Order Classification Distance Natural Origin Order Classification Distance

14. 12-14 Ratio Scales Characteristics of previous scales plus an absolute zero point Examples –Weight –Height –Number of children

15. 12-15 Exhibit 12-4 Moving from Investigative to Measurement Questions

16. 12-16 Sources of Error Respondent InstrumentMeasurer Situation

17. 12-17 Evaluating Measurement Tools Criteria Validity Practicality Reliability

18. 12-18 Validity Determinants Content Construct Criterion

19. 12-19 Increasing Content Validity Content Literature Search Expert Interviews Group Interviews Question Database Etc.

20. 12-20 Validity Determinants Content Construct

21. 12-21

22. 12-22

23. 12-23 Increasing Construct Validity New measure of trust Known measure of trust Empathy Credibility

24. 12-24 Validity Determinants Content ConstructCriterion

25. 12-25 Judging Criterion Validity Relevance Freedom from bias Reliability Availability Criterion

26. 12-26 Exhibit 12-6 Understanding Validity and Reliability

27. 12-27 Reliability Estimates Stability Internal Consistency Equivalence

28. 12-28 Reliability Estimates Stability Internal Consistency Equivalence

29. 12-29 Reliability Estimates Stability Internal Consistency Equivalence

30. 12-30 Reliability Estimates Stability Internal Consistency Equivalence

31. 12-31 Practicality EconomyInterpretabilityConvenience

32. 12-32 Key Terms Internal validity Interval scale Mapping rules Measurement Nominal scale Objects Ordinal scale Practicality Properties Ratio scale Reliability –Equivalence –Internal consistency –Stability Validity –Construct –Contents –Criterion-related