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Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5
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Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location & general function n Major fiber systems n CNS vs PNS terminology l nucleus vs. ganglion l tracts vs. nerves ~
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Forebrain - Cortex n Gray Matter l Somas and Dendrites (neuron cell bodies) n Organized in layers l some input, some output n Neocortex l 6 layers ~
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Forebrain - Fiber Systems n White Matter - myelinated axons n 3 types of fiber systems l Commissural l Association l Projection ~
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Commissural Fibers n Interconnect homologous structures in the two hemispheres l Corpus Callosum l Anterior and Posterior l Hippocampal ~
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Anterior
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Forebrain Fibers Systems n Association Fibers l interconnect cortical areas within each hemisphere n Projection Fibers l all other *CNS fiber systems l Fornix l Corticospinal tract l Mammillothalamic tract n Naming convention ~
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Association Commissural Projection Hemispheres Left Right
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Forebrain Subcortical Areas n Diencephalon l Surrounds 3rd ventricle n Thalamus l sensory and motor relay nuclei n Hypothalamus l motivation & emotion ~
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Thalamus n Lateral Geniculate Nuclei l LGN l vision n Medial Geniculate Nuclei l MGN l audition ~
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Hypothalamus n 4Fs l Feeding l Fighting l fleeing, and... l mating n Controls the pituitary gland ~
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Subcortical: Limbic System n Emotion; Learning & Memory n Structures l Cingulate gyrus l Hippocampus l Amygdala l Thalamus l Hypothalamus l Mammilary bodies l Olfactory bulbs l Fornix ~
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Limbic System
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Subcortical: Basal Ganglia n 3 motor nuclei l Caudate l Putamen l Globus Pallidus ~ Striatum
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Midbrain n Surrounds cerebral aqueduct n Tectum l Superior Colliculi - vision l Inferior Colliculi - audition n Tegmentum l substantia nigra - motor l Reticular formation sleep/wake cycle l many other nuclei ~
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Cross-section of Tegmentum Dorsal
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Hindbrain n Cerebellum l coordinates movements n Pons l Sleep and arousal n Medulla l vital functions l many cranial nerves ~
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