1. Peasants, Trade, and Cities
Chapter 4, Lesson 2
EQ: How is society influenced by changes in political and economic systems?

2. Home Learning: Define Vocabulary, Chapter 4, Lesson 2
Carruca
manor
Serf
bourgeoisie
Patrician
Read “The New Agriculture” and “The Manorial System.” Answer the following questions:
What factors led to population growth in the High Middle Ages?
How were serfs legally bound to the land?
What were the serfs’ duties?
What were the nobles’ duties?

3. Population Increased in Medieval Europe
Population doubled from 1000 to 1300 from an estimated 38 million to 74 million.
What caused this huge increased?
Less invasions (conflict)
Food production increased due to climate change
Farming technology

4. Improvements in Agriculture After, 1000 AD

5. Farming Technology
The Carruca

6. The Manorial System Group Project
By the end of today’s class you must have the following:
Name of the Characters
Setting
Plot
At least ½ of you dialogue complete (or song)

7. Feudalism vs. Manorialism
Feudalism and manorialism unrelated systems.
Feudalism was a system of political and military obligations, whereas manorialism was a system for organizing the farming economy.
In both, lords provided benefits in return for services by subjects.
Feudalism was short-lived and mainly occurred in portions of the former Carolingian Empire and England.
Manorialism persisted for centuries and was more widespread.

8. Increased of Trade
In the 1000s and 1100s Europe experienced a revival of trade that led to the growth of cities. 
Centers of trade: Developed gradually in medieval Europe, with Venice and other Italian cities trading in the Mediterranean and towns in Flanders becoming hubs of commerce in northern Europe.
Hanseatic League: More than 100 cities in the area of the Baltic Sea and North Sea banded together for mutual protection and economic opportunity.
Rise of a money economy: An economy based on gold and silver coins, rather than barter, emerged, as did commercial capitalism—investment in trade and goods for profit.

10. Trade Routes Attract Merchants and Artisans

11. Medieval Cities Developed
Revival of Cities: In the 11th and 12th centuries, the old Roman cities came alive with new populations and growth. 
Merchants and artisans of these new cities were called bourgeoisie (Burghers)
Freedom from Feudal Lords: To ensure the freedom they needed to engage in trade, townspeople purchased rights from the lords
Right to buy and sell property
Freedom from military service to the lord
Right for an escaped serf to become a free person

12. Growth of Cities
Overtime, medieval cities developed their own governments.
Usually members of the wealthiest and powerful families –patricians—were elected to public office.
Conditions in Cities: Cities were enclosed in walls and had crowded, unsanitary living conditions. Men outnumbered women.
Industry and guilds: As cities became centers of manufacturing, craftspeople organized themselves into guilds—associations that trained artisans, controlled the quality of manufactured goods, and set prices.

13. Activity: Country and City Life in Medieval Period
Read and complete the following worksheet activity.