1. Ch 5, Sec 3: Alexander the Great

2. Objectives Understand how the Peloponnesian War allowed outside invaders to take over Greece. Explain how an outsider of Greece became it’s biggest supporter for expansion. Debate the controversy of the title of “Alexander the Great” when it comes to this historical figure.

3. Post Peloponnesian War Problems for Greek City-states Delian League was gone = no protection Small populations Farms destroyed Greek citizens left for Persia

4. Rise of King Philip II of Macedonia in Greece Took power in 359 B.C. Loved Greek culture Wanted to defeat the Persian Empire – Needed to join Macedonia/Greece together to accomplish his goal Attacked the divided Greek city-states one at a time/bribed others to join him between 359-338 B.C.

5. Rise of Alexander in Greece Alexander was Philip’s son Philip II-assassinated in 336 B.C. Trained as a soldier from foot soldier to commander of the army at age 16 Influenced in early childhood by Greek culture – Taught by Aristotle Took over as king at 20 years old

6. Alexander at the Battle of Thebes Thebes, a Greek-city state, fought Alexander but lost Alexander slaughtered over 10,000 men and sold over 20,000 women/children into slavery He Scared other city-states into following him

7. War Path of Alexander Took 40,000 troops into Asia Minor to defeat the Persian troops in former Greek colonies in 334 B.C. Took over Syria, Egypt, Persia, and parts of land in today’s India and Pakistan between 332-326 B.C. (all of which were under Persian control) Burned down capitals, palaces, and whole towns He never lost a battle

8. End of Alexander’s Life Troops were tired of being away from home after 8 years – Refused to fight any longer – Didn’t trust him (drinking/culture changes) Alexander forced to retreat to Macedonia in 326 B.C. He refused to send troops home by boat Walked through the deserts of Iran Died from Typhoid Fever at 32 on the way home

9. Legacy of Alexander from 336-323 B.C. Part I Merged 3 cultures together (Greek, Macedonian, and Persian) Spread Greek influence over Asia, Europe, and Africa Increased trade Created Alexandria – 57 cities with same name

10. Legacy of Alexander from 336-323 B.C. Part II Military tactics are still studied today Allowed captured cultures to rule themselves if they promised to support him Start of the Hellenistic era – Made new areas “like the Greeks

11. You be the Judge Use your notes, p. 180-181 in the textbook, and the articles I have provided to make up your own decision. Was Alexander the Great a Villain or a Hero? Step 1: Use the t-chart to take notes supporting each side Step 2: Decide if he was a Villain or a Hero Step 3: Write a Eulogy describing his life supporting your ideas from Step 2.

12. Sources Journey Across Time Textbook http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures /alexander_the_great.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures /alexander_the_great.shtml http://www.history.com/topics/ancient- history/alexander-the-great http://www.history.com/topics/ancient- history/alexander-the-great http://www.biography.com/people/alexander- the-great-9180468 http://www.biography.com/people/alexander- the-great-9180468