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Published byLaurence Barker Modified over 8 years ago
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LIVE IN THE MOMENT! “The secret of health for both mind and body is not to mourn for the past, not to worry about the future, or not to anticipate troubles, but to live in the present moment wisely and earnestly.” -Buddha
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Chapter 4 Common Diseases of Companion Animals
Ophthalmic Diseases Chapter 4 Common Diseases of Companion Animals
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Ophthalmic Diseases
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Conjunctivitis CONJUNCTIVA: pink tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the front portion of the eyeball except for the cornea Causes Allergy (________________) Anatomic (ectropion, entropion) Bacterial infection (predisposed by): Injury ↓Tear production Foreign body Respiratory disease (bacteria, virus) Causes (in cats it is usually infectious) Feline herpes virus (most common cause of __________________________) Calicivirus Chlamydia psittaci bacteria Mycoplasma
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Red, congested/swollen, painful
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Conjunctivitis Signs Diagnosis Redness
_________________ (swelling of conjunctiva) Ocular discharge (tears, mucus) Diagnosis Determine 1º disease, if any Rule out FB Rule out ‘dry eye’ in recurrent cases Schirmer tear test 1 min- tears show as blue dye
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SCHIRMER TEAR TEST Cats: ____________________
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Conjunctivitis Rx Client info Topical antibiotic ointment
neomycin/bacitracin/polymyxin B(BNP or________________) Gentamicin ophthalmic ointment Antibiotic w/ cortisone (if cornea is ______________) Client info Do not allow dogs to ride with head out window Keep medial canthus of eye clean (warm water, clip hair) Vaccinate kittens to prevent URI Do not touch eye with ___________________ Discard unused medication
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Epiphora EPIPHORA: ____________________ Causes (2 causes)
Overproduction of tears Ocular pain, irritation (from hair, etc) Faulty drainage by___________________ Blockage of duct (swelling, inflam) Blockage of puncta (hair, debris) Imperforate puncta (no opening) Cockers Poodles Trauma
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Epiphora Signs Dx Rx Client info Watering of eye Discoloration of hair
Fluorescein dye test Dye __________________ shows duct is open Rx Treat 1º cause ________________________ lacrimal ducts Surgically open imperforate puncta Topical antibiotic ointment Keep hair trimmed around eyes May act as a wick Client info Staining due to pigment in tears, _______________ Some dogs have life-long problem
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EPIPHORA FLUSHING THE NASOLACRIMAL DUCT
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Entropion: eyelids that roll in against the cornea
Causes Congenital large orbits w/ deep-set eyes (__________________________) Collies, G. Dane, I. Set, Dobe, G. Ret, Rott, Weim Poor ocular muscle development Chesapeake, Labs, Chow, Samoyed Trauma → scarring with distortion of lid 2º to painful corneal lesion, conjunctiva inflammation (most common cause in cats) Signs Epiphora (tearing) Chemosis (swelling of conjunctiva) Conjunctivitis Pain Corneal ulceration (±) ____________________
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Entropion Treatment Surgical correction is treatment of choice
Temporary mattress suture to evert eye (young animal) ______________________________(to shorten eye lid) Hotz-Celsus: Remove elliptical piece of tissue from under eye
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Ectropion Causes Signs Rx __________________ Conjunctivitis Epiphora
Bassets, Blood, C Span, E Bull, St Bern Signs Conjunctivitis Epiphora Keratitis (corneal inflammation/scarring), usually from exposure Purulent exudate Rx Surgery to shorten eye lid Other procedures
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Hypertrophy and Prolapse of 3rd eyelid gland
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Hypertrophy and Prolapse of Nictitans Gland (Cherry Eye)
Nictitating membrane is the 3rd eyelid; is a protective structure Produces ___________________of tears Cause is unknown Bassets, Beagle, Bos. Terr, C. Span Signs _____________________(<2 y) Epiphora Usually no pain Dx r/o tumor in older dogs and cats Rx Sx to remove gland is an option , but not recommended Suture back in place
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