1. Nationalism Lecture 12: Beyond nationalism? The case of European integration Prof. Lars-Erik Cederman Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Center for Comparative and International Studies (CIS) Seilergraben 49, Room G.2 lcederman@ethz.ch http://www.icr.ethz.ch/teaching/nationalism Assistant: Kimberly Sims, CIS, Room E 3, k-sims@northwestern.eduk-sims@northwestern.edu

2. Nationalism beyond the nation-state: Supranational Integration Concepts Theory families Democracy in the European Union

3. Tree historical situations States present? Nations present? No Yes No Yes Territorial States Nation- States “Middle Ages” Toward neo- Medievalism?

4. Concepts Essentialism vs. Constructivism Second dimension: viability of political integration defined in terms of: –policy –institutions –identity: retention or supersession?

5. Four theory families Essentialism Constructivism Retention Supersession Ethno- nationalism Pan- nationalism Bounded integration Post- nationalism Approach to supra- national integration Assumption about identity-formation

6. Ethno-nationalism Essentialist, culture-driven logic Rejection of supranationalist identities as artificial, lacking historical depth Not clear what European culture stands for Thus, the nation-state will remain the main locus of identity See A. D. Smith

7. Post-Nationalism Constructivist-instrumentalist principles Politics driven by material conditions, and because of technological development, the scale of political identities grows De-coupling of politics and “deep” culture, toward a “thin” political culture Habermas’ “constitutional patriotism” Goal: European or cosmopolitan integration Jürgen Habermas

8. Bounded integration Constructivist-institutionalist principles Identities “sticky” Reciprocal link between politics and culture sustained by institutions Nation-state is a stable historical equilibrium (cf. Gellner, Anderson etc.) Thus, supranationalist identity- formation is difficult Benedict Anderson Ernest Gellner

9. Pan-Europeanism Romantic movement dating back to interwar period (Coudenhove-Kalergi, de Rougemont) Myth of European culture Search for “other” Cultural projects of European Commission Graf Coudenhove-Kalergi 1894-1972

10. Democracy beyond the nation-state? The democratic deficit of the European Union The “demos” is the popular unit of people voting in a democracy Key assumptions: –Historical priority of demos and democracy –Nature of demos

11. Ethno-Nationalism nation as cultural, bounded demos democracy “primacy of demos”

12. Post-Nationalism: Civic Voluntarism thin, non-cultural, unbounded demos democratic practice “primacy of democratic practice” constitution

13. Bounded Integration partly cultural, bounded demos democracy “tandem hypothesis” identity- building institutions

14. Institutional mechanisms of identity-formation External –warfare –other exchanges Internal –Mass media –Education –Language policy