1. The PermaSense Project Wireless Sensor Technology for Extreme Environments Jan Beutel, Mustafa Yuecel, Roman Lim, Tonio Gsell, ETH Zurich

2. PermaSense – Alpine Permafrost Monitoring Cooperation with Uni Basel and Uni Zurich

3. PermaSense – Aims and Vision Geo-science and engineering collaboration aiming to: –provide long-term high-quality sensing in harsh environments –facilitate near-complete data recovery and near real-time delivery –obtain better quality data, more effectively –obtain measurements that have previously been impossible –provide relevant information for research or decision making, natural hazard early-warning systems

4. Understanding Root Causes of Catastrophes Eiger east-face rockfall, July 2006, images courtesy of Arte Television

5. PermaSense Deployment Sites 3500 m a.s.l. A scientific instrument for precision sensing and data recovery in environmental extremes

6. PermaSense – Key Architectural Requirements Support for ~25 nodes Different sensors –Temperatures, conductivity, crack motion, ice stress, water pressure –1-60 min sensor duty-cycle Environmental extremes –−40 to +65° C, ΔT ≦ 5° C/min –Rockfall, snow, ice, rime, avalanches, lightning Near real-time data delivery Long-term reliability – ≧ 99% data yield –3 years unattended lifetime Relation to other WSN projects Comparable to other environmental monitoring projects –GDI [Szewczyk], Glacsweb [Martinez], Volcanoes [Welsh], SensorScope [Vetterli], Redwoods [Culler] Lower data rate Harsher, higher yield & lifetime Data quality/integrity

7. What we have today: PermaSense Starting Points

8. Low-power Wireless Sensors Static, low-rate sensing (2 min) Temperature profiles, crack meters, resistivity 3 years operation < 0.1 Mbyte/node/day

9. Base Station for Data Collection Embedded Linux Redundant long-haul communication Solar powered

10. High Resolution Imaging – Mountainview Camera Dual network (TinyNode, WLAN) 12 Megapixel D-SLR imager Calibrated optics Remotely configurable ~ 1 Gbyte/camera/day

11. Long-haul Communication 7.5 km WLAN link from Klein Matterhorn (ski resort) Leased fiber/DSL from Zermatt Bergbahnen AG Collaboration with APUNCH/CCES

12. Data Backend Integration, Metadata and Tools Based on GSN (EPFL research project) Collaboration with SwissEx/EPFL Dual GSN server setup with metadata integration Many auxiliary tools for 24/7 operation and debugging

13. Something a little different: Soil Moisture Sensing on the Thur

14. Decagon 5TE Soil Moisture Probes

15. BaseStation Installation on Existing RECORD Tower Redundant connectivity (GPRS/WLAN) Webcam Local WLAN access (essid RECORD-THUR)

18. PermaSense – Sensor Node Hardware Shockfish TinyNode584 –MSP430, 16-bit, 8MHz, 10k SRAM, 48k Flash –LP radio: XE1205 @ 868 MHz Waterproof housing and connectors Protective shoe, easy install Sensor interface board –Interfaces, power control –Temp/humidity monitor –1 GB memory 3-year life-time –Single battery, 13 Ah –~300  A power budget

19. Ruggedized for Extreme Environments

20. Dozer Low-Power System Integration Dozer ultra low-power data gathering system –Beacon based, 1-hop synchronized TDMA –Optimized for ultra-low duty cycles –0.167% duty-cycle, 0.032mA System-level, round-robin scheduling –“Application processing window” between data transfers and beacons –Custom DAQ/storage routine time jitter slot 1slot 2slot k data transfer contention window beacon time slot 1slot 2slot k Application processing window [Burri – IPSN2007]

21. Data Management Tools and Dataflow

22. Data Management – Online Semantic Data Global Sensor Network (GSN) –Data streaming framework from EPFL –Organized in “virtual sensors”, i.e. data types/semantics –Hierarchies and concatenation of virtual sensors enable on-line processing –Translates data from machine representation to SI values –Adds metadata PrivatePublic Metadata ============== Position Sensor type … Import from field GSN Web export

23. Multi-site, Multi-station Data Integration

24. TinyOS Multiplexing Data Flow

25. Example: Sensor Network and Backlog/CoreStation

26. Example: Private GSN Data Intake

27. Example: Public GSN Data Mapping and Conversion