1. Chapter 12 Marriage and Family

2. What is a Family? In U.S. - One Woman, Man, and Children Other Cultures Polygamy Approved Group into which a Child is Born? People who consider themselves related by blood, marriage, or adoption © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. What is a Family? Sociological Definition: Two or more people who consider themselves related by blood, marriage, or adoption. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. A Family Can Be… Nuclear: Family consisting of a husband, wife, and child(ren). Extended:A nuclear family that includes other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. A Family Can Be… Family of Orientation: The family in which a person grows up. Family of Procreation: The family formed when a couple’s first child is born. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. R. Maraccini’s family of procreation

7. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 1

8. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. http://what-when-how.com/social-sciences/kinship-social-science/ Figure 2

9. What is Marriage? Sociological definition: A group’s approved mating arrangements, usually marked by a ritual of some sort (the wedding) to indicate the couple’s new public status. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Common Cultural Themes Families Establish Patterns of… –Mate Selection Endogamy, Exogamy –Descent Patrilineage, Matrilineage, Bilineage –Authority Patriarchy; Matriarchy; Egalitarian © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

11. Common Cultural Themes –Residence patterns Patrilocalism, Matrilocalism, Neolocalism –Inheritance Primogeniture; Matrilineal; Bilineal © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

12. Marriage and Family: Functionalist Perspective Why the Family Is Universal –Economic Production, Socialization of Children, Care of Sick and Aged, Recreation –Sexual control, Reproduction Functions of the Incest Taboo Dysfunctions: Isolation and Emotional Overload © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

13. Marriage and Family: Conflict Perspective Struggles between Wives and Husbands –Housework –Child Care –Money –Attention –Respect –Sex © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

14. Who Makes the Decisions at Home

15. Marriage and Family: Symbolic Interactionist Perspective The different meanings that gender, housework, and childcare have for men and women and how each sex experiences marriage differently. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

16. In Two-Paycheck Marriages, How Do Husbands and Wives Divide Their Responsibilities?

17. Life course: The sequence from birth until death where we learn the various roles that enable us to meaningfully participate in social groups. The Stages follow a biological sequence; but the content is socially understood. Childhood Sheltered period Adulthood Get job, select mate, start family, become independent Age 67 and Beyond Disengage from more active social roles Adolescence Transitional stage Early Adulthood 20-44 BirthDeath Middle-Age 45-67 Above sequence is life course as typically found in industrial societies and post-industrial societies. The Family and the Life Course

18. Love and Courtship in Global Perspective Marriage –Social Channels of Love and Marriage –Homogamy: The tendency of people with similar characteristics to marry one another Childbirth –Marital Satisfaction Decreases –Ideal Family Size © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

19. The Number of Children Americans Think Are Ideal

20. The Family Life Course Child Rearing –Married Couples and Single Mothers –Day Care –Social Class © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

21. Who Takes Care of Preschoolers while Their Mothers Are at Work?

22. The Family and the Life Course Family Transitions –“Adultolescents” and the Not-So-Empty Nest –Adolescents, especially the young men, used to leave home after finishing high school –Widowhood Women are more likely than men to become widowed © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

23. Diversity in U.S. Families One-Parent Families Couples Without Children –While most married women give birth, about one of five do not Blended Families Gay and Lesbian Families –Adoption by Gay and Lesbian Couples © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

24. Family Structure: U.S. Families with Children under Age 18 Headed by Mothers, Fathers, and Both Parents

25. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Decline of the Two-Parent Families

26. Trends in U.S. Families The Changing Timetable of Family Life: Marriage and Childbirth –Postponing Marriage and Childbirth Cohabitation –Cohabitation: : Adults living together in a sexual relationship without being married –Does Cohabitation Make Marriage Stronger? –Children of Cohabiting Parents: A Surprising Finding © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

27. Why Do Americans Marry? The Changing Age at First Marriage

28. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Americans Ages 20-24 Who Are Married

29. Divorce and Remarriage Ways of Measuring Divorce Children of Divorce Grandchildren of Divorce Fathers’ Contact with Children after Divorce The Ex-Spouses Remarriage © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

30. The “Where” of U.S. Divorce

31. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

32. Two Sides of Family Life The Dark Side –Spouse Battering –Child Abuse –Marital or Intimacy Rape –Incest © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

33. Two Sides of Family Life The Bright Side - Successful Marriages –Spouse is Best Friend –Like Spouse as Person –Think Marriage is Long-Term Commitment –Believe Marriage is Sacred © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

34. Two Sides of Family Life –Agree with Spouse Aims and Goals –Believe Spouse Grown More Interesting –Want Relationship to Succeed –Laugh Together © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

35. Happy Families Spend a Lot of Time Together Are Quick to Express Appreciation Committed to Promoting Mutual Welfare Talk and Listen a Lot Are Religious Deal with Crises Positively © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

36. Symbolic Interactionism and Misuse of Statistics Divorce Statistics Explained –Many students concerned divorce statistics mean they won’t have a successful marriage People are Individuals We Create our Own World © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

37. The Future of Marriage and Family No Danger of Becoming a Relic Cohabitation, Single Mothers, Age at Marriage, Grandparent as Parent Increase Continued Distorted Images of Marriage and Family © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.