1. CHILDHOOD NUTRITION AND FEEDING

2. Nutrition Energy Basal matabolism Maintain basic physiologic activity Special motility for food digestion peristalsis infant 7%~8% digestion absorption elder children 5%

3. Nutrition Physical activity Growth Fecal loss Others Mentality and emotion Envioronment Energy

4. Nutrition General Energy Needs Basal metabolism 50% Physical activity 25% Growth 12% Fecal 8% 6~12yrs Infant 110 kcal/kg ↓every 3 yrs 10kcal/kg 15yrs 60kcal/kg

5. Nutrition Essential amino acid Non-essential amino acid Recommend amount Protein breast milk 2.0g/kg cow milk 3.5g/kg vegetative protein 4.0g/kg

6. Nutrition Saturated fatty acid Unsaturated fatty Linoliec acid → Free fatty acids Fats ≥1:2 n- 6 Linoliec n-3 Linolenic

7. Nutrition 50%~60% Carbohydrate 1yr 12g/kg/d >2yrs 10g/kg/d

8. Nutrition Vitamin VitA VitD VitE VitK VitB VitC Fat---soluble Water---soluble

9. Nutrition Mineral Macroelements Trace elements Ca P K Na Zn Fe Co Se

10. Nutrition Water Neonatal 80% 1 yr 70% … Adult 55%~60% Infant 150ml/kg Every 3 yrs ↓25ml/kg 9 yr 75ml/kg Adult 50ml/kg

11. Nutrition Food fiber Physiological function —prevention constipation

12. Infant Feeding---Breast feeding Albumin 白蛋白 ↑ Casein 酪蛋白 ↓ Taurine 牛磺酸 ↑ Glutamate 谷氨酸 ↑ Advantages protein 3：23：2

13. Infant Feeding---Breast feeding Fat Long-chain lipid acid ↑ Linoleic acid ↑ Carbohydrate Lactose↑ Bacillus bifidus↑ Vitamin A/D/E ↑

14. Infant Feeding---Breast feeding minerals Ca:P （ 2 ： 1 ） --absorption Fe 50% absorption rate Zn ↑

15. Infant Feeding---Breast feeding SIgA ↑ Lactoferrin ↑ Lysozyme ↑ Bifidus ↑ Antibody ↑ Immunization Bacillus

16. Infant Feeding---Breast feeding Natural food Convenient feeding Recovering from delivery Baby-mother attechment Others

17. Infant Feeding---Breast feeding Elements of breast milk in different phase colostrum: protein transitional milk: lipid mature milk: stable elements late milk: protein 0~5d 6~10d 11d~9m >10m

18. Infant Feeding---Formula Feeding Formula milk Fortified nutrients Fe Zn VitA VitB VitC VitD …

19. Infant Feeding---Supplementary Food 2w VitD 4-6m Rice powder 7-9m meshed vegetable 、 meet 、 fruit soft noddle biscuit 10-12m soft rice 、 thick porridge 、 fine-cut vegetable 、 meat 、 bean products etc. 12-24m piece-cut food 24m- normal Agefood

20. Feeding priciples Reasonable food arrangement protein: fat: carbohydrate ≌ 1 ： 1 ： 4-5 10% 25-30% 50-60%  Food quality  Feeding behavior  Feeding environment

21. Evaluation of nutrition condition History Nutrition study food investigation evaluation physical examination laboratory test

22. Standard  Underweight  Stunting  Wasting W≤-2SD L≤-2SD W/L≤-2SD

23. Thank you!