1. There Will Be Wolves A Historical Perspective

2. The Middle Ages People lived in small farming communities No modern technology – no electricity, running water Very rigid class system – most of the population was quite poor Towns were composed of taverns, small businesses, a church, and houses

4. Cities / towns were built near a water source such as a river

5. Towns were very crowded on market days

6. Setting: Cologne

7. Cologne Cathedral

8. Punishments Trial by ordeal Capital punishment: physical punishments – Ie. Stealing: first time: lose a finger Second time: lose a hand Third time: lose your life

9. Capital Punishment

10. Medicine Believed that illness was the result of evil spirits in the blood Bleeding was a common cure to disease Medicine was herbal – teas, poultices Very superstitious – For example, the woman who believes Ursala has cursed her unborn child

11. Apothecary Basically a pharmacist Also fulfilled the role of doctor, and sometimes dentist

12. Typical stores selling wares

13. Medieval Apothecary

14. Plants provided ingredients for potions

15. Tools for crushing leaves to make medicine

16. Trade Guilds A young man could become an apprentice to a Master craftsman When he learned the trade he would become a Master – he could join the guild – he could have his own apprentice The guild was like a union – controlled prices and wages

17. Stone Mason

18. Medieval Churches

19. Architecture Low buildings Thick walls Few windows Took years to build

20. Old style of church

21. Modern Cathedral

22. Pilgrimage A journey to a place of religious significance Usually done as a form of penance or renewal The crusades were a type of pilgrimage to the holy lands

23. Crusades Christians travelled to the holy lands to free them from the Muslims Many innocents were killed Did not behave well along the journey – often stole from the towns along the way Very dangerous

24. Pilgrimage