1. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN ADS accelerator developments presently on-going for MYRRHA and possibly for the Chinese-ADS Dirk Vandeplassche 1 Eucard-2 — APAE meeting, London, UK June 18-19, 2015

2. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN Overview 1.the ADS application 2.implementation 3.where do we stand at MYRRHA ? 4.the Chinese program APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 2

3. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN the ADS application Accelerator driving a subcritical fission core: – neutron source = spallation target – subcritical core acts as a neutron amplifier ADS proton beam power = few percent of the thermal power of the core – MYRRHA: consider 100 MW th  P beam = 2.4 MW – accelerator = HPPA-class – fission core = DC device  CW beam – beam energy: efficient neutron production, core geometry MYRRHA choice: E beam = 600 MeV – I beam = 4 mA APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 3

4. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN the ADS application however: – high power CW is tricky – unique requirement : reliability level what is it ? – strongly reduce # beam trips leading to reactor scram – below 3s a beam trip is practically transparent – reactor operational period = 3 months  10 trips > 3s MTBF : > 250h why ? – thermal cycling – operational : restart times APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 4

5. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN the ADS application APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 5

6. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN implementation HPPA, CW  SC linac – cyclotron envisaged initially concept of reliability  1.redundancy built into linac design parallel if necessary – 3s switching time serial if possible  modularity – 3s reconfiguration time : innovative and heavy control system issues 2.component MTBF 3.margins, as a direct consequence of 1. & 2. modeling APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 6

7. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN MYRRHA : where do we stand ? background – goal = research reactor multipurpose subcritical and critical – not financed for construction accelerator R&D – principal subject = reliability  critical items – based on completed concept R&D high level of detail International Design Review APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 7

8. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN MYRRHA : where do we stand ? APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 8 categoryitemreason components injector, esp. RFQCW (NC), new structures (SC) RF power sourcesSolid State technology cryomodules70 global & distributed systems diagnosticsintrinsic reliability, predictive reconfiguration tools fundamental and essential for fault recovery decision taking mechanisms information transport layers allcompatible architecture identified main risk items

9. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN MYRRHA : where do we stand ? Other elements are considered as non-key = with limited risk (even if often complex): cooling, vacuum, cryogenics, magnets, DC power converters, (most of) sensors, low level control, timing,... They are based on existing industry-based solutions.  no R&D topics, reliability tests only on engineering estimated choices  tests included in R&D activities 9 APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015

10. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN MYRRHA : where do we stand ? APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 10

11. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN MYRRHA : where do we stand ? present accelerator R&D program – continue along paths of critical items – continue modeling : beam dynamics, reliability – construction : 4-rod RFQ, 1.5 MeV, 176 MHz, CW – beam operation : IS + LEBT + RFQ EPICS control system APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 11 MYRTE WP2 2015—2019

12. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN MYRTE key elements in MYRTE – LEBT experimental pgm. (2.8) – RFQ + SS RF amplifier + EPICS (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7) – spoke R&D (2.10) – SC CH demo with beam (2.11) – beam diagnostics (2.4) – controls (2.5) global pictures in MYRTE – reliability modeling (2.9) – beam dynamics, virtual accelerator (2.6) 12 APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015

13. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN MYRRHA : where do we stand ? scenarios for construction – full 600 MeV large uncertainties in schedule present scenario – phased approach: hold point, e.g. at 100 MeV – may significantly reduce uncertainties – may enable choices about final layout ongoing discussion since very recently looking for useful applications – incompleteness of financed R&D program APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 13

14. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN the Chinese program characteristics – framework : transmutation on industrial scale is strategic whereas in western world no sense of urgency no consensus – planning : aggressive but coherent in a strategic context – approach : highly experimental strong focus on 'gaining experience' APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 14

15. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN the Chinese program – scenario : phased several steps both accelerator and "target" – reliability : does not seem to be a top priority at this stage using the JAEA "structural" tolerance but redundancy is included in design realistic approach for a many step scenario availability will naturally rise to operational level APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 15

16. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN the Chinese program APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 16

17. 17 “Strategic Technology Pilot Project” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key technology R&D Y2011-2017, 1.78 B CNY Stage 1: Research facility (CIADS) (250 MeV, 10 mA, 10 MWt) Y2017-2022, 2.25 B CNY Stage 2: Demo facility (CDADS) (1.2~1.5GeV, 10~25 mA, 100 MWt) Y2030 Goal in 2015.06, 5 MeV Goal in 2015.12, 10 MeV Goal in 2016.09, 25 MeV 2014.06, 2.1 MeV/10 mA/CW Injector II, 162.5 MHz Injector I, 325 MHz

18. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN where do they stand ? 162.5 MHz RFQ (2.1 MeV) commissioned at 10 mA CW 1 6-HWR cryomodule: 5 MeV, 10 mA several tests in vertical cryostat at 4.2K – HWR – spokes – elliptical commissioning the 325 MHz linac HP granular target for new project CIADS pulsed beam : 6-Jun-15

19. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN from: Zhijun Wang at SLHiPP-5, Lund, March 2015

20. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN final remarks some conclusions on the MYRRHA status – well developed models  design including availability from the very start – detailed design is still evolving – the reliability goal is realistic (but in no way trivial) – experimental program (prototyping) has just started APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 20

21. Copyright © 2015 SCKCEN final remarks some conclusions on the C-ADS status – there is a strong emphasis on experimental results in a phased scenario – the design appears to be fault tolerance compliant – impressive success... – CIADS is a realistic and useful intermediate step (250 MeV, 10 MW th ) on the path towards the full Demo CDADS APAE meeting, London, 18-19/06/2015 21