1. Chapter 10 The age of the common man

2. Theory of Democracy Democracy: Defined by the founders as direct rule by the people. Most founders disagreed with this because it threatened a balanced republic built by the Aristocracy. Slowly the idea of popular sovereignty grows The legitimacy of the state is created by the will of the people

3. The changing society Though there was inequality growing in in both urban in rural areas there was this belief that there was equality. Why??? Domestic workers were refusing to be called servants, instead they were “hired help” Dress code between class cultures began to blur.

4. Inequality was actually increasing within the country Urban Society: Most found themselves becoming low paid unorganized workers. Agrarian Society: There is a significant division between the average farmer and large plantation earners.

5. Democratic Culture It was in the Jacksonian Era press played a greater role than it had in the past. Newspapers and magazines were swallowed up by the common man. This would usher them into the political arena. Find the romantic movement in literature begins to thrive. With printing technology increasing books became a popular market. This was especially true for your average citizen.

6. Democratic literature Find the romantic movement in literature begins to thrive. With printing technology increasing books became a popular market. This was especially true for your average citizen.

7. Politics In this period of democratic principles politics adapt to fit the period. By 1820 most states had removed the last remaining barriers to voting participation for males. There was also a rise in public officials that were elected rather than appointed. The people chose judges as well as legislatures.

8. The big change in 1828 By 1828 Presidential electors were chosen by popular vote instead of state legislators. We begin to see part systems form to try and bring in voters. Voting percentages begin to spike 1824 27% of white males 1828 55% of white males 1840 78% of white males

9. Election issues continued One of the major issues facing society during this democratic period was the depression caused by the panic of 1819. Solutions on how to handle this economic problem began to split the nation.

10. Election of 1824 In post Monroe years the republicans were struggling to find a candidate. They settled with John Quincy Adams Calhoun, Crawford and Clay would all run as well Jackson found support from his home state of Tennessee Calhoun eventually drop out of the election

11. Scandal !!!!!!!!! Adams,Calhoun and Jackson enter into a final three to be selected by the house of representatives. Clay who is left out of the last three tells his supporters to push Adams Adams wins the election, Clay becomes secretary of state

12. The Quincy Presidency How would we define Adam’s Presidency? Congress seemed to be stacked against the Adam’s Presidency who pushed high tariffs. Known as the Tariff abominations. Overall the tariff’s barely improved northern economy and caused a slump in southern economics. It was thought these tariffs would swing the next election in Jackson’s favor.

13. Jackson Presidency Jackson defeated the struggling Adam’s system His cabinet was referred to as the kitchen Cabinet. This was based on the use of the Spoil System where Jackson brought in member of his cabinet based more on previous friendships.

14. Indian Removal During and just after the election of Jackson Georgia Mississippi and Alabama were looking for government to move groups of Native American’s out of their borders Theses states passed laws against the Natives in their areas. Native American rights fell under federal jurisdiction Jackson supported the states

15. Indian removal 1830 congress introduces a bill to implement the idea of Indian removal. Many claimed that this act was unconstitutional especially after the Ruling of Worcestor V. Georgia. The Court ruling that Natives that had certified property rights could not be removed. The bill would pass and Jackson would move into action to remove the Native Americans.

16. Trail of Tears

17. As you already know this is consider one of the greater humanitarian disasters in U.S. history Many Native Americans die of disease most before even reaching their new home. This action exposes some of the prejudice and greed of Jacksonian democracy.

18. Nullification Vice President John C. Calhoun emerges as the leader for states rights and begins to support nullification. Jackson and Calhoun had become embittered after the Peggy Easton Affair Calhoun also moved against the Tariff abominations and stated if the Tariffs were not removed South Carolina would nullify the Law. In fear that other southern states may follow Calhoun’s example. Congress agreed to lower the tariffs but Carolina still intended to nullify it. Jackson asked congress to pass the force bill allowing him to build an army and march into Carolina

19. Pre bank war

20. Bank war Nicholas Biddle was brought in to solve the issues with national bank post panic of 1819, but it was still viewed as institution that broke state rights to help industry Jackson promised veto a major bank funding bill. The veto would close the bank. In the upcoming election Jackson ran as the defender of the people against the banks.

21. Election Jackson and the Democrats were pitted against clay and the Republicans. Jackson won soundly as clay only received 49 electoral votes.

22. Pet banks and Specie Circular After vetoing the bank bill he removed the federal deposits form the bank as well. The question was where the money would go. Jackson placed the money in twenty four state banks called pet banks. Mostly given this name because the banks were picked based on political reasons.

23. Specie Circular As the west opened up land sails increased but there was no paper money for the sails. Banks were accepting payments in silver. Jackson gave into some criticism creating a hard silver currency to help with these payments known as specie.

24. Emergence of the Whigs The Whigs develop from national republicans, and old federalists that support Henry Clay. There are also a number of disappointed southerners that supported the party. They acted in opposition to Jackson to stop him from passing any further laws in congress.

25. Panic of 1837 Martin Van Buren replaced John C. Calhoun as vice president, and eventually became President During his presidency there was a major U.S. economic recession. This was actually a global recession and unavoidable. Van Buren took the blame for the recession being a lackey of Jackson and the recession was caused by poor banking practices. The Whig party took control of congress forcing Van Buren to create a third national bank to deal with the recession Eventually Van Buren lost his reelection to the Whig John Tyler.