1. Geocentric -vs- Heliocentric What is the belief for each one?

2. WHO AM I?

3. Warm Up Notes/Discussion over the Enlightenment Review over SR HW: Review notes and vocab SR and Enlightenment Test Nov. 4/5 Students will be able to: Explain the ideas of the Enlightened thinkers and the impact on society. OCT. 28, 2015

4. 1.The Divine Right of monarchs 2.Union of Church and state 3.Unequal social classes o Found all of these unreasonable o Not active revolutionaries- just encouraged reforms ENLIGHTENMENT PRINCIPLES

5. Galileo and Newton unlocked the floodgates New discoveries in chemistry, physics, biology, and mechanics Believed reason could solve social problems as well (slavery; inequality; and education) A better society was attainable through reason SPURS NEW DISCOVERIES

6. Rise of a more secular outlook Began to question the teachings of the Church Believed these mysteries could be solved mathematically Still maintained religion – just separate entities SECULARIZATION

7. People looked to themselves more as they turned away from the Church Government is formed by individuals – it is meant to promote the individuals welfare FOCUS ON THE INDIVIDUAL

8. SPREAD OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT

9. Most intense in the mansions of wealthy women Held regular social gatherings – salons Met to discuss events, philosophies, writers, artists, scientists, and other ideas and artistic performances PARIS SALONS

10. Project was a large set of books where scholars contributed articles and essays The Encyclopedia – first started publishing in 1751 Work was banned by French government and the Catholic Church New volumes continued to be published with Diderot as the editor until 1772 DIDEROT’S ENCYCLOPEDIA

11. Life is short & brutal, people are wicked & need a strong & powerful central govt. (Leviathon) to keep them from breaking laws “Nature hath made men equal…Therefore, if two men desire the same thing which they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies, and seek each the destruction of the other. Hence, while men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in a state of war, every man against every man.” HOBBES

12. No divine right to give King Absolute Power Everyone has the natural rights of….. Life 2) Liberty 3) Property “All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, liberty or property. (Thus being the reason for having a government). LOCKE

13. Separation of Power that uses checks & Balances 3 Branches of Govt. (Executive, Judicial, Legislative ) The Spirit of Laws MONTESQUIEU

14. “Every law the people has not ratified in person is null and void — is, in fact, not a law. “Man is born free, and yet we see him everywhere in chains.” “The problem is to find a form of association which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods of each associate.” Social Contract between Govt. & Citizens Citizens must replace govt. if it breaks contract ROUSSEAU

15. Tolerance for religion & speech VOLTAIRE

16. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government.” “[N]o man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever… but that all men shall be free to profess, their opinions in matters of religion” Enlightenment in the USA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! JEFFERSON

17. Enlightenment ideas reflected in the arts 1600s and 1700s style was called baroque which was grand and ornate (like Versailles, Bach, etc.) Arts began to reflect more of an emphasis on order and balance. Started to look back to the Greeks and Romans (again…)- neoclassical Delacroix- Lady Liberty Leading the People ART AND LITERATURE

18. Greatest Baroque Composer… Ever. Wrote religious music Died from eye surgery Baroque (n)- Western style of music following the Renaissance and preceding the Classical era. Expanded the size, range, and complexity of instrumental performances. Established Opera as a musical genre. JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH

19. Neoclassical: Child Prodigy-- Wrote and performed a symphony at the age of 5 Travelled and performed with his family (Jackson 5-style) WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART

20. First novel – Don Quixote Many writers were women Books such as Robinson Crusoe; Tom Jones ; Pamela NOVEL