1. Session 06 PV Systems – Part 2 Solar Modules September 8, 2015

2. Session 06 Components PV System Components o Solar cells – material considerations o Solar modules – operation and manufacture 2

3. Learning Outcomes Review of types of solar cells Review of construction and manufacturing of solar modules Introduction to module science and technology Consideration of module performance, reliability, lifetime, and decommissioning 3

4. PV Systems: Definition A photovoltaic system (or PV system) is an engineered system that carries out these operations: o Absorption of incident solar radiation o Conversion of the absorbed solar energy to DC electrical energy o Controlled transfer of the DC electrical energy to a storage device (such as an array of batteries) OR o Controlled inversion of the DC electrical energy to AC electrical energy o Controlled transfer of the electrical energy to electrical loads or to the electrical grid

5. PV Systems: Standard solar cell structure Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems

6. PV Systems: Standard solar cell structure Maximum efficiency, with common PV materials

7. PV Systems: Solar Cell Types Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems

8. PV Systems: Solar cell fabrication Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems

9. PV Systems: Solar cell fabrication Trina – Polycrystalline Silicon (poly-Si) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPlpDXgc5T4 9

10. PV Systems: Solar cell fabrication Suntech - Cell and Module Manufacturing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAufbqbUS6k 10

11. PV Systems: Amorphous-Si solar cell structure Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems

12. PV Systems: CdTe solar cell structure Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems CdS

13. PV Systems: CIGS solar cell structure Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems CIGS

14. PV Systems: CIGS solar cell structure Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems

15. PV Systems: Multi-Junction solar cell structure Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems

16. PV Systems: Multi-Junction solar cell concept Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems

17. PV Systems: Cell efficiencies Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems

18. PV Systems: poly-Si vs a-Si Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems

19. PV Systems: Cell material and structures Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems, Chapter 2 (On reserve, Noble Library)

20. PV Systems: Solar cell I vs V There is a relation between the current and the voltage of a solar cell: Increasing light

21. PV Systems: Need for the solar module To increase the electrical power, solar cells are combined together (physically and electrically) into solar modules 6.5A, 0.6V, 4W6.5A, 45V, 300W

22. PV Systems: Solar module I vs V The relation between the current and the voltage of a solar module resembles that of the single solar cell: Increasing light 60 solar cell module

23. PV Systems: Solar module construction Solar cell electrical wiring Edge view of module

24. PV Systems: Solar module construction Suntech - Cell and Module Manufacturing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAufbqbUS6k 24

25. PV Systems: Solar module construction Bosch – Solar Module Manufacturing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiYfcZJmBNE 25

26. PV Systems: Solar module operation Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie, Planning and Installing PV Systems