1. Transient induction of systemic induced resistance against fungal pathogens in red pine Alieta Eyles and Enrico Bonello

2. Proposed model of induced systemic resistance Time Resistance Constitutive resistance Induced resistance Point of no return: damage from induction event can no longer be tolerated by the tree Tree becomes symptomatic Induction event Declining resistance to challenge, e.g. bark beetle attack Induced susceptibility Baseline, constitutive resistance

3. Figure XX. Schematic representation of test for the SIR hypothesis in Wisconsin. The SIR model (upper half of the diagram) is superimposed on a red pine mortality pocket. The transect shows six sampling points moving away from the pocket margin. The lower half of the diagram illustrates the known rate of root infection by Leptographium terebrantis (Erbilgin and Raffa 2003, 2003). Positioning of transect and relationship between resistance and actual root infection rates are speculative and intended for illustrative purposes only. 123456 Time Distance from pocket margin (m) SIR Infection of root system with L. terebrantis (%) 60 0 010 Transect Mortality pocket Induced susceptibility

4. HPLC chromatogram of crude bark extracts: Control Ophiostoma Leptographium Peak 4 Peak 7

5. Peak 4 Peak 7