1. Strategies and Innovative Approaches for the Future of Space-Weather Forecasting J Todd Hoeksema Stanford University

2. Innovation Something new Something disruptive Something cheap

3. Decadal Survey A1: Recharter the National Space Weather Program A2: Work in partnership to achieve continuity of solar and solar wind observations 2.1: Forcing: Solar wind from ~L1 2.2: Forcing: Corona and Photosphere 2.?: [Response: Magnetosphere, Ionosphere, Atmosphere] 2.3: New Platforms & Locations (L5, L3, …) 2.4: SW Research Program @ NOAA 2.5: Distinct Funding Lines for Space Physics Research and for Space Weather Specification and Forecasting

4. Societal Need is Well Documented Power Aeronautics Astronautics GPS / Navigation Tracking Communications Security Environment Specification

5. Strategic Assets Operations: – NOAA & DoD – International and Commercial – Research satellites Research Programs – NASA LWS – NSF - CISM

6. Strategic Gaps Coordinated & Comprehensive Program – R2O, O2R Reliable & Secure Observations – Forcing and Response Robust Validated Analysis & Forecasting Tools Timely, Accurate Assimilation and Modeling Space Climate & Environment Specification

7. Innovation Some new (and easy) things – Space Weather Research Center One or more of NASA/NOAA/NSF/DoD/DoE/FFRDC/University – Augmented Focused Research Programs - O2R, R2O – Validated Community Models for SW&C Some disruptive (and risky) things – Commercial Institute – Commercial Space-Weather Data Collection & Prediction – Crowd Sourcing

8. Innovation Some cheap (but hard) things – Interagency and international collaboration – High-Level Government Space-Weather Office Some not so cheap things – Space and Ground-based Observatories – L1, L3, Geo, Molniya, LEO, Sub-L1, High Solar Latitude, Lunar, Martian, Jovian, …