2. November 28, 2012 Agenda 1.Roll 2.PowerPoint titled: Volcanoes’ Effect on Earth 3.Possible Video “Mountains of Fire!” Tomorrow you will need colored pencils, crayons, or markers. You will also need a ruler for the activity planned.

3. Subject Area: Volcanoes’ Effect on Earth Essential Question: How do Volcanoes differ in their formation and shape? Questions: 1.What are the different types of Volcanoes? 2.What effects do volcanoes have on the Earth?

4. Volcanoes’ Effect on Earth The effects of volcanic eruptions can be seen both on land and in the air. Heavier pyroclastic material falls to the ground causing destruction, while ash affects global climate patterns. Volcanoes also build mountains and plateaus.

5. An Explosive Impact The ash can have widespread effects. It can block out the sun for several days over thousands of square kilometers. Volcanic ash can blow down trees and buildings and can blanket nearby towns with a fine powder.

6. Ash Flows Clouds of ash can flow rapidly downhill like an avalanche, choking and searing everything in its path. Sometimes it will mix with water and flow with the consistency of wet cement. This can cause immense damage.

7. Ash Fallout Volcanic ash can cause buildings to collapse, dam up rivers causing flooding, and fertilize plants that with too much can smother plants and cause food shortages. Partner Share: 1.How can ash from a volcanic eruption be hazardous? Volcanic ash can be hazardous by …

8. Climatic Fluctuations In large eruptions the ash can reach the upper atmosphere. The ash and gases spread around the globe, this can cause the temperature to drop. Partner Share: 1.Name three ways ash can effect the Earth’s surface. The three ways ash can effect the earth’s surface are …

9. Climatic Fluctuations The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 caused the average global temperature to drop as much as 0.5 degrees Celsius. This can cause longer winters and cooler summers that can result in food shortages, starvation, and disease.

10. Different types of Volcanoes The lava and pyroclastic material that erupt from volcanoes create a variety of landforms. The best known is the volcanoes themselves. Three basic types of volcanoes are shield volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, and composite volcanoes.

11. Shield Volcanoes Shield volcanoes are built out of layers of lava from repeated nonexplosive eruptions. These can get to be very large. Mauna Kea is the largest mountain on Earth. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain on land.

12. Cinder Cone Volcanoes Cinder cone volcanoes are small volcanic cones made entirely of pyroclastic material from moderately explosive eruptions. They have steeper slopes and narrower bases and tend to erode quickly.

13. Composite Volcanoes Composite volcanoes are the most common type of volcanoes. They form by explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material followed by a quieter outpouring of lava. They have broad sides and get steeper near the summit. movie Partner Share: 1.Why do cinder cone volcanoes have narrower bases and steeper sides than that of shield volcanoes? Cinder cone volcanoes have narrower bases and steeper sides because …

14. Craters and Calderas A caldera forms when a magma chamber roof collapses, causing the ground to sink, leaving a large, circular depression.

15. Craters and Calderas A crater is a funnel-shaped pit located at the top of the central vent of a volcano.

16. Lava Plateaus Lava will erupt from long cracks or fissures and spread evenly over thousands of kilometers resulting in a land form called a lava plateau.

17. Summary 1.Answer the essential question “How do Volcanoes differ in their formation and shape? 2.Your answer needs to be in complete sentences. 3.Place your answer at the bottom of the notes we did today. 4.Make sure you describe all three types of volcanoes from your notes.

18. Volcanoes Mountains of Fire Questions for your Science Notebook Volcanoes Mountains of Fire What did you know? Skip 3 lines What did you learn? Skip 3 lines What do you want to know? Skip 3 lines

19. Objectives 1.Compare the different types of volcanoes. 2.Describe the effects that volcanoes have on Earth.