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ATMOSPHERE I Intro Layers of the Atmosphere Air Pressure http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6jIMkPwahQ
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EARTH- 3 RD ROCK FROM THE SUN …
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VITAL STATISTICS Age= Orbit = Rotation= 70% Water Pole to Pole 12,714 km 4.6 billion years 365.24 days 23 hours 56 min
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VITAL STATISTICS Equator 12,756 km 199 million square miles One of the Terrestrial planets (Earth, Mars, Mercury, Venus)…with a small mass
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VOCABULARY Weather- condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time/place Atmosphere- layer of gases that surround the planet. Climate - set of particular weather conditions averaged over a period of time.
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WHY DO WE NEED THE ATMOSPHERE? 1-Traps 02 and other gases so we can breath! 2-Keeps H20 at a liquid state! 3-Protects us from dangerous levels of radiation (EM)
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IV. EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere is _______ 21% of the Earth’s atmosphere is _______ 1% of the Earth’s atmosphere is made up of Ozone, CO2, H20 and Argon (trace materials) Nitrogen Oxygen
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THE EARTH’S EARLY ATMOSPHERE Hydrogen, Ammonia (toxic) and Methane (toxic). These gasses were light and with the Earth’s small gravity + the sun were broken up.
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HOW DID WE GET THE ATMOSPHERE THAT WE HAVE TODAY? 1) WE know that Volcanoes emit Nitrogen, CO2 and H20.
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2) Comets may have pounded the Earth bringing water and other elements with them.
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WHERE DID OUR WATER COME FROM? Ancient plant life and the process of photosynthesis helped to create oxygen. Water is split by UV light. Hydrogen rises and leaves the Oxygen.
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HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=5TZ8OYUT4E0
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NITROGEN Helps to repair body cells Some plants convert nitrogen into nitrates…we eat plants/animals that have converted nitrates into protein.
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OXYGEN Respiration Fire Rust
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CO2 Photosynthesis Factories, Car exhaust, raise CO2 level.
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OTHER PLANETS ATMOSPHERE’S __________ and the Moon have no atmosphere (small size) __________ and Mars are similar to the Earth (they have a secondary atmosphere) __________ and Saturn have their original atmosphere (large size) Mercury Venus Jupiter
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Our atmosphere is compressed. This is why it is more difficult to breathe at higher altitudes…the air is less dense and thinner (less oxygen.)
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LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CerJbZ-dm0
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TROPOSPHERE Lowest layer Weather occurs here Shallow layer, but the most mass
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STRATOSPHERE Stable air
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OZONE LAYER 80,000 feet and up O2 is broken by UV (high energy/frequency) which eventually forms O3 or ozone. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLY8m-dXOxo
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MESOSPHERE “middle” layer Meteorites burn up
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THERMOSPHERE HOT! Closer to sun No defined limit 2 parts (Ionosphere and Exosphere)
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A. Ionosphere Electrically charged particles B. Exosphere- “outer” Satellites
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GREENHOUSE EFFECT The Greenhouse effect doesn’t create heat, it slows the loss of heat. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ab6jV4VBWZE
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AIR PRESSURE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJHJsA7bYGc&i ndex=4&list=RDQeAp3CuGjk8
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WHY IS AIR PRESSURE IMPORTANT? It creates wind/weather! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiYyCurh_SU&in dex=6&list=RDQeAp3CuGjk8
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Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere (molecules) per unit area over a surface. Balanced because all molecules are receiving pressure in all directions.
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HOW DO WE MEASURE AIR PRESSURE? Barometer- instrument used to find air pressure. Record pressure in Pascals (Pa) or millibars. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRxglLS1YWI
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AIR PRESSURE VARIES Sea Level- 1013 mb (millibars) Denver, CO- 835 mb due to the higher altitude
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AIR PRESSURE VARIES Air pressure changes with temperature. As molecules move further apart there is less pressure. As molecules move closer together (colder weather) more pressure.
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AIR PRESSURE VARIES Warm air moves molecules faster and further apart (they rise) Cold air moves molecules slower and closer together (they sink) Convection!
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AIR PRESSURE VARIES Humidity can effect air pressure. Water vapor causes air to be lighter (less N and O are present) 97% Dry air 99% N,O
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