1. What’s a Concept map?

2. Concept Map: Objective: To help you see the link between the terms and ideas about which you are learning AND to review what you have learned about carbs. Terms: simple, fiber, fructose, added sugar, glucose, complex, natural sugar, sucrose, glycogen, lactose, starch, grains, honey, plain yogurt, pears, stored in liver and muscle. Practice: Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms. Carbohydrate Now add ‘blood sugar’.

3. Blood Sugar Lows and Highs

4. Tools for Control-Overview  Insulin (I) Protein based, pancreas produced hormone Attaches to cells-Allows glucose inside Result  blood glucose (sugar) level decreases  Glucagon (G) raises blood sugar level (BSL)  Goal BSL ~80-100 mg %  Too high or too low= TROUBLE

5. dizzy, confused sweaty, rapid heart rate grouchy, anxious TREATS ACUTE SYMPTOMS: simple carb (sugars) TO PREVENTIVE SYPTOMS: restrict simple carb (sugars) Low blood sugar

6. Hypoglycemia (Low BSL)  Acute danger but uncommon condition  RBC’s and brain need glucose 24/7  Basic Cause: I:G out of balance  low BSL  Prevention (different than treatment) No meal skipping Include healthy complex carb/protein at meals Limit simple and avoid ‘added’ sugar Focus naturally high fiber foods

7. Diabetes Mellitus (DM)  Hyperglycemia (high fasting BSL)  Cause: not enough or ineffective Insulin Not caused by consuming too much sugar!  Result: excess sugar in blood-not enough inside cell  Consequence: cells/tissues are glucose starved chronic inflammation occurs blood lipids, blood pressure rise, arteries harden tissue/cell function declines

8. DM: A chronic, progressive disease  Common consequences Vascular disease (#1 cause-diabetic deaths) Blindness Amputations Kidney disease

9. Classifications of Diabetes  Type I pancreas fails to make insulin early onset in life Rx: requires insulin (monitor diet and exercise)

10. Classifications of Diabetes  Type 2 90-95% of all cases Mostly in adults, kids too Insulin is ineffective Treatment: Medical  pills/injections Lifestyle  diet/exercise/stress mgt.

11. Self-Check BSL Gauge day to day management success Check fasting in morning, bedtime and/or exercise Long term check= hemoglobin A1C  gives ~2-3 month view of BSL management

12.  Achieve a healthy weight  Trickle in healthy carbs over the day  No meal skipping  No sugary drinks  Monitor BSL  Quit smoking  Daily exercise A Check List: Managing BSL