1. Global History & Geography Word Association Flashcards 3

2. Protestant Reformation Martin Luther Protests against the Catholic Church End of religious unity in Europe

3. Martin Luther 1517 95 Theses Speaking out about the practice of selling indulgences

4. Counter Reformation / Catholic Reformation Council of Trent Ignatius of Loyola & the Jesuits Reaffirm Catholic Doctrine but reform a little

5. Zheng He Chinese exploration (early 1400s) Ended because of Confucian beliefs about trade Chinese isolation after exploration ends

6. Ottoman Empire (“The Sick Man of Europe in the 1800s”) Spread out over parts of eastern Europe and the Middle East Islamic Empire Suleiman the Lawgiver

7. Motives for European Exploration (Old Imperialism) “Gold, God, Glory” Need for a new trade route to Asia after Constantinople falls to the Ottomans in 1453 Desire to find riches and spices Spread Christianity Curiosity about the world that was stimulated by the Renaissance

8. European Explorers 1500-1600s Columbus “Discovers (Encounters)” the Americas Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigates the world Da Gama and Dias travel around Africa to get to Asia

9. Aztec Empire Located in present day Mexico and Central America Highly advanced and unified under one leader Taken over by the Spanish and Cortes – Spanish more technologically advanced

10. Slavery in the New World First slaves were Indians, but too many died from disease (smallpox) Africans replace the Indians Arabs, African and Europeans involved in the Slave Trade

11. Inca Empire Located in present day Peru Highly advanced Taken over by the Spanish and Pizzaro – Spanish more technologically advanced Machu Pichu Terrace farming, road system

12. Mercantilism Economic theory developed and practiced by European countries during the1500s-1700s Main objective – increase the amount of bullion (gold & silver) a nation possesses – favorable trade balance Led to an unequal trade relationship between the parent countries and the colonies

13. Triangular Trade Between Europe, Africa & the Americas Middle Passage – between Africa and the Americas

14. Encomienda System Practiced in the Americas and enforced by the Europeans Exploited the native workers / forced labor

15. Absolutism 1500s-1700s Government is dominated by one person – usually a king or queen Examples – Louis XIV, Ivan the Terrible, Phillip II, Akbar the Great, Charles II Ideal of Absolutism – developed by Jaques- Benigne Bossuet

16. Theory of Divine Right Similar to Mandate of Heaven in that it was believed that ruler received authority to rule from God Most absolute rulers believed in the Theory of Divine Right Idea of Theory of Divine Right developed by Jacques-Benigne Bossuet

17. Thomas Hobbes People were naturally (born) bad Believed in absolutism Strong central government

18. John Locke Believed in Natural Rights – life, liberty and property and protection of them (social contract) People were naturally (born) good People have the right to overthrow a government if it doesn’t protect their natural rights

19. Magna Carta 1215 First document to limit the power of the English king

20. Scientific Revolution 1500s-1600s Involved thinkers like Copernicus, Newton & Galileo Thinkers focused on nature and how it worked Heliocentric (sun-centered) theory developed

21. English Revolution 1689 Also known s the Glorious Revolution Limited the power of the monarchy of England Made Parliament as powerful as the English king

22. Enlightened Despots Examples – Maria Theresa & Catherine the Great Absolute rulers who also worked to improve their subjects’ lives

23. Enlightenment 1500s – 1600s Involved thinkers like Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire Also known as the Age of Reason Spoke out against absolutism / influenced revolutions – laid the groundwork

24. Causes of the French Revolution 1789-1799 Inspired by the success of the American Revolution and the ideas of the Enlightenment Plight of the 3 rd Estate / unfair social system France almost bankrupt

25. Latin American Revolutions of the 1800s Important Individuals – Simon Bolivar, Touissant L’Overture & Jose De San Martin Caused by the inequalities especially in land ownership, inherent in the colonial system No unification of South America due to different cultures Inspired by French & American Revolutions

26. Effects of the French Revolution Rise of Napoleon Development of Nationalism Inspired Latin American Revolutions

27. Congress of Vienna ( Held 1814-1815 during Napoleon’s last days) Main goals – compensation, legitimacy, and balance of power Reactionary in Nature – wanted to turn things in Europe back to the way they were before the French Revolution Prince Klemons von Metternich

28. Nationalism The desire to have one’s own independent nation (Nationalist Movements) Love and devotion to one’s nation Ultra-Nationalism – examples – Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy