1. Introduction to Arthropod & Insect Diversity

2. Scientific Classification Kingdom General specific Class Division/Phylum species Order Family Genus

3. Characteristics to classify organisms: CELL TYPE Prokaryotic cell type DNA is free floating Eukaryotic cell type DNA is surrounded by a membrane

4. Characteristics to classify organisms: NUMBER OF CELLS unicellular multicellular OR

5. Characteristics to classify organisms: MODE OF NUTRITION (how organisms eat) Photosynthesis: utilizing energy from the sun to produce food Absorbing: to suck up or take up (like a sponge) Engulfing: to flow over and enclose

6. ANIMALIA  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Engulfing heterotrophs PLANTAE  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Photosynthetic autotrophs FUNGI  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Absorptive heterotrophs PROTISTA  Eukaryotic  Unicellular or Multicellular  Heterotrophs  Photosynthetic autotrophs ARCHAEBACTERIA  Prokaryotic  Unicellular  Found in very harsh conditions (i.e. bottom of the ocean or volcanic vents)  Oldest living organisms EUBACTERIA  Prokaryotic  Unicellular  Found in neutral conditions (i.e. human body and food)  Lactobacillus bulgaricus (or L. acidophilus) and Streptococcus thermophilus helps produces yogurt from milk KINGDOM CHART

7. The Importance of Insects Some insects are harmful: Some insects are beneficial: Pollinate flowers Important Products Research Balance Nature Destroy food crops Stings & Bites Causes Sickness Money Loss

8. Metamorphosis: A change in physical form The insect’s exoskeleton does not grow with them and must be shed and re-grown each time they get larger. Monarch Caterpillar Monarch Butterfly COMPLETE CHANGEsmall change Worker Termite Termite Nymph

9. An insect has four characteristics: 1. Three body segments: Head, Thorax and Abdomen Dragonfly HEAD: The eyes, antennae, and mouthparts are on the head. THORAX: The 3 pairs of legs and wings are attached to this body segment. ABDOMEN: This body segment holds all reproductive organs. 3. Three pairs of legs (6 legs in total) 2. One pair of antennae 4. Usually 1 or 2 pairs of wings

10. Where do insects fit in the scientific classification picture? KingdomAnimalia PhylumArthropoda jointed foot segmented body exoskeleton (external skeleton) Class Insecta 6 legs 3 body parts (head, thorax, abdomen) 1 pair of antennae Wings (usually) OrderIsoptera General specific

11. Blow fly Order Diptera Flies and Mosquitoes Fruit Fly Mosquito

12. Order Lepidoptera Butterflies and Moths Kamehameha Butterfly Blackburn’s ButterflyLuna Moth Monarch Caterpillar Monarch Butterfly

13. Order Odonata Dragonflies and Damselflies Native Hawaiian Damselflies Dragonflies from the Alakai Swamp Trail, Kauai

14. Order Coleoptera Beetles Rainbow Scarab Beetle © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Dung Beetle © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Lady Bugs

15. Order Isoptera Termites Australian Termite Mound Queen Wood Damage Workers & Soldiers

16. Order Hymenoptera Ants, Bees and Wasps Velvet Ant Yellow Jacket Carpenter Ant © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Honey Bee © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen

17. Order Hemiptera or Order Heteroptera True Bugs Spiny Assassin Bug © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Stink Bug Leaf-footed Bug © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen

18. Order Mantodea Praying Mantids Green Mantid © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen

19. Order Blattaria Cockroaches Cinereous CockroachMadiera Cockroach

20. Order Homoptera Cicadas, Hoppers, Psyllids, Whiteflies, Aphids, and Scale Insects Buffalo Treehopper © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Periodical Cicada © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Green Aphid © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen

21. Order Orthoptera Grasshoppers, Crickets and Katydids Narrow Winged Katydid © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Bird Grasshopper Cricket

22. Order Phasmida Walking Sticks and Leaf Insects © Iona Stewart 2000 Spiny Leaf Insect Walking Stick © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen

23. Below there are some pictures of some insects. Can you pick out the characteristics they all have in common?

24. Appearing below will be pictures of different arthropods. Some are insects and some are not. Armed with your new definition, can you pick out the non-insects?

25. Resources Pictures provided by –Charles LeWallen –www.biosurvey.ou.edu/okwild/misc/toc.html –Bishop Museum www.bishopmuseum.org/research/natsci/ento/ento.html –Neil Reimer ( Hawaii State Department of Agriculture) Other informative websites www.buginfo.com/bugs2.cfm http://ucdavis.edu/bohart.asp?s=kidscorner&f=orders www.eagle.ca/~matink/ www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us/4th/insects/bugmenu.html http://www.hear.org/starr/hiinsects/images/index.html