3. energy
energy transfer
energy transformation
gravitational potential energy
kinetic energy
potential energy
variable

4. In what forms, or types, does energy appear?
Record your answer in your notebook.

5. How can you transfer energy to the nail so that it drives into the foam block?

6. What do the following terms mean?
Energy transformation Energy transfer

7. Read the introduction and look for key ideas

8. How does the height and mass of an object affect its gravitational potential energy?

9. Safety
Nails are sharp and can cause injury if misused. Follow the safety your teacher demonstrates.

10. Why is it important to hold the rod in the same place every time?
Can you push the rod down each time? Why or why not? Discuss your thoughts with the class.

11. What other variables should be controlled in your experiment?
Share your thoughts with the class.

12. Complete the procedure and record your data
SCORING GUIDE: Designing Investigations

13. Discuss your findings with the class
Listen to your classmates as they share their results.

14. Definition review
gravitational potential energy kinetic energy

15. What is the difference between gravitational potential energy and potential energy?
Share your thoughts with the class.

16. Analysis question 1
Which combination of tube height and rod mass transferred the most and least energy to the nail? Explain the evidence you gathered to make this conclusion.

17. Analysis question 2 Where was the rod located when there was the most:
gravitational potential energy?
kinetic energy?

18. Analysis question 3
Do you think that all the energy from the rod transferred to the nail? Describe any evidence that showed it did or did not.

19. Analysis question 4
How do the following variables affect how much energy is transferred to
the nail?
Mass of the rod
Height of the rod
Shape of the rod

20. Analysis question 5 a. When released from rest:
In the situation shown below, how much gravitational potential and kinetic energy does the block have at each position?
a. When released from rest:
Potential energy = 100 J
Kinetic Energy = ______
b. Halfway down:
Potential energy = ______
Kinetic energy = _______

21. Analysis question 5
In the situation shown below, how much gravitational potential and kinetic energy does the block have at each position?
c. Just before it hits:
Potential energy = 0
Kinetic energy = ______

22. How does the height and mass of an object affect its gravitational potential energy?

23. Key vocabulary definitions
Energy - The ability to cause objects to change, move, or do work. Energy transfer - The transfer of energy from one object to another.

24. Key vocabulary definitions
Energy transformation - The change of energy from one type to another, such as from potential to kinetic. Gravitational potential energy – Energy stored due to an object’s mass and height. Kinetic energy - Energy of motion.

25. Key vocabulary definitions
Potential energy - Energy of position or stored energy. Variable - A changing factor. In an experiment, the variable is what is studied, such as the effect of differing concentrations of salt on the growth of plants. The experiment would involve changing the salt concentration (the variable), while trying to keep all other factors the same.